Linux: >> Linux Kernel >> 6.1.32 Security Vulnerabilities
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
cifs: Release folio lock on fscache read hit.
Under the current code, when cifs_readpage_worker is called, the call
contract is that the callee should unlock the page. This is documented
in the read_folio section of Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst as:
> The filesystem should unlock the folio once the read has completed,
> whether it was successful or not.
Without this change, when fscache is in use and cache hit occurs during
a read, the page lock is leaked, producing the following stack on
subsequent reads (via mmap) to the page:
$ cat /proc/3890/task/12864/stack
[<0>] folio_wait_bit_common+0x124/0x350
[<0>] filemap_read_folio+0xad/0xf0
[<0>] filemap_fault+0x8b1/0xab0
[<0>] __do_fault+0x39/0x150
[<0>] do_fault+0x25c/0x3e0
[<0>] __handle_mm_fault+0x6ca/0xc70
[<0>] handle_mm_fault+0xe9/0x350
[<0>] do_user_addr_fault+0x225/0x6c0
[<0>] exc_page_fault+0x84/0x1b0
[<0>] asm_exc_page_fault+0x27/0x30
This requires a reboot to resolve; it is a deadlock.
Note however that the call to cifs_readpage_from_fscache does mark the
page clean, but does not free the folio lock. This happens in
__cifs_readpage_from_fscache on success. Releasing the lock at that
point however is not appropriate as cifs_readahead also calls
cifs_readpage_from_fscache and *does* unconditionally release the lock
after its return. This change therefore effectively makes
cifs_readpage_worker work like cifs_readahead.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-10-04
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
perf: RISC-V: Remove PERF_HES_STOPPED flag checking in riscv_pmu_start()
Since commit 096b52fd2bb4 ("perf: RISC-V: throttle perf events") the
perf_sample_event_took() function was added to report time spent in
overflow interrupts. If the interrupt takes too long, the perf framework
will lower the sysctl_perf_event_sample_rate and max_samples_per_tick.
When hwc->interrupts is larger than max_samples_per_tick, the
hwc->interrupts will be set to MAX_INTERRUPTS, and events will be
throttled within the __perf_event_account_interrupt() function.
However, the RISC-V PMU driver doesn't call riscv_pmu_stop() to update the
PERF_HES_STOPPED flag after perf_event_overflow() in pmu_sbi_ovf_handler()
function to avoid throttling. When the perf framework unthrottled the event
in the timer interrupt handler, it triggers riscv_pmu_start() function
and causes a WARN_ON_ONCE() warning, as shown below:
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 240 at drivers/perf/riscv_pmu.c:184 riscv_pmu_start+0x7c/0x8e
Modules linked in:
CPU: 0 PID: 240 Comm: ls Not tainted 6.4-rc4-g19d0788e9ef2 #1
Hardware name: SiFive (DT)
epc : riscv_pmu_start+0x7c/0x8e
ra : riscv_pmu_start+0x28/0x8e
epc : ffffffff80aef864 ra : ffffffff80aef810 sp : ffff8f80004db6f0
gp : ffffffff81c83750 tp : ffffaf80069f9bc0 t0 : ffff8f80004db6c0
t1 : 0000000000000000 t2 : 000000000000001f s0 : ffff8f80004db720
s1 : ffffaf8008ca1068 a0 : 0000ffffffffffff a1 : 0000000000000000
a2 : 0000000000000001 a3 : 0000000000000870 a4 : 0000000000000000
a5 : 0000000000000000 a6 : 0000000000000840 a7 : 0000000000000030
s2 : 0000000000000000 s3 : ffffaf8005165800 s4 : ffffaf800424da00
s5 : ffffffffffffffff s6 : ffffffff81cc7590 s7 : 0000000000000000
s8 : 0000000000000006 s9 : 0000000000000001 s10: ffffaf807efbc340
s11: ffffaf807efbbf00 t3 : ffffaf8006a16028 t4 : 00000000dbfbb796
t5 : 0000000700000000 t6 : ffffaf8005269870
status: 0000000200000100 badaddr: 0000000000000000 cause: 0000000000000003
[<ffffffff80aef864>] riscv_pmu_start+0x7c/0x8e
[<ffffffff80185b56>] perf_adjust_freq_unthr_context+0x15e/0x174
[<ffffffff80188642>] perf_event_task_tick+0x88/0x9c
[<ffffffff800626a8>] scheduler_tick+0xfe/0x27c
[<ffffffff800b5640>] update_process_times+0x9a/0xba
[<ffffffff800c5bd4>] tick_sched_handle+0x32/0x66
[<ffffffff800c5e0c>] tick_sched_timer+0x64/0xb0
[<ffffffff800b5e50>] __hrtimer_run_queues+0x156/0x2f4
[<ffffffff800b6bdc>] hrtimer_interrupt+0xe2/0x1fe
[<ffffffff80acc9e8>] riscv_timer_interrupt+0x38/0x42
[<ffffffff80090a16>] handle_percpu_devid_irq+0x90/0x1d2
[<ffffffff8008a9f4>] generic_handle_domain_irq+0x28/0x36
After referring other PMU drivers like Arm, Loongarch, Csky, and Mips,
they don't call *_pmu_stop() to update with PERF_HES_STOPPED flag
after perf_event_overflow() function nor do they add PERF_HES_STOPPED
flag checking in *_pmu_start() which don't cause this warning.
Thus, it's recommended to remove this unnecessary check in
riscv_pmu_start() function to prevent this warning.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-10-04
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
bpf: reject unhashed sockets in bpf_sk_assign
The semantics for bpf_sk_assign are as follows:
sk = some_lookup_func()
bpf_sk_assign(skb, sk)
bpf_sk_release(sk)
That is, the sk is not consumed by bpf_sk_assign. The function
therefore needs to make sure that sk lives long enough to be
consumed from __inet_lookup_skb. The path through the stack for a
TCPv4 packet is roughly:
netif_receive_skb_core: takes RCU read lock
__netif_receive_skb_core:
sch_handle_ingress:
tcf_classify:
bpf_sk_assign()
deliver_ptype_list_skb:
deliver_skb:
ip_packet_type->func == ip_rcv:
ip_rcv_core:
ip_rcv_finish_core:
dst_input:
ip_local_deliver:
ip_local_deliver_finish:
ip_protocol_deliver_rcu:
tcp_v4_rcv:
__inet_lookup_skb:
skb_steal_sock
The existing helper takes advantage of the fact that everything
happens in the same RCU critical section: for sockets with
SOCK_RCU_FREE set bpf_sk_assign never takes a reference.
skb_steal_sock then checks SOCK_RCU_FREE again and does sock_put
if necessary.
This approach assumes that SOCK_RCU_FREE is never set on a sk
between bpf_sk_assign and skb_steal_sock, but this invariant is
violated by unhashed UDP sockets. A new UDP socket is created
in TCP_CLOSE state but without SOCK_RCU_FREE set. That flag is only
added in udp_lib_get_port() which happens when a socket is bound.
When bpf_sk_assign was added it wasn't possible to access unhashed
UDP sockets from BPF, so this wasn't a problem. This changed
in commit 0c48eefae712 ("sock_map: Lift socket state restriction
for datagram sockets"), but the helper wasn't adjusted accordingly.
The following sequence of events will therefore lead to a refcount
leak:
1. Add socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM) to a sockmap.
2. Pull socket out of sockmap and bpf_sk_assign it. Since
SOCK_RCU_FREE is not set we increment the refcount.
3. bind() or connect() the socket, setting SOCK_RCU_FREE.
4. skb_steal_sock will now set refcounted = false due to
SOCK_RCU_FREE.
5. tcp_v4_rcv() skips sock_put().
Fix the problem by rejecting unhashed sockets in bpf_sk_assign().
This matches the behaviour of __inet_lookup_skb which is ultimately
the goal of bpf_sk_assign().
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-10-04
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: rtw88: delete timer and free skb queue when unloading
Fix possible crash and memory leak on driver unload by deleting
TX purge timer and freeing C2H queue in 'rtw_core_deinit()',
shrink critical section in the latter by freeing COEX queue
out of TX report lock scope.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-10-04
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
bpf, cpumap: Make sure kthread is running before map update returns
The following warning was reported when running stress-mode enabled
xdp_redirect_cpu with some RT threads:
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: CPU: 4 PID: 65 at kernel/bpf/cpumap.c:135
CPU: 4 PID: 65 Comm: kworker/4:1 Not tainted 6.5.0-rc2+ #1
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)
Workqueue: events cpu_map_kthread_stop
RIP: 0010:put_cpu_map_entry+0xda/0x220
......
Call Trace:
<TASK>
? show_regs+0x65/0x70
? __warn+0xa5/0x240
......
? put_cpu_map_entry+0xda/0x220
cpu_map_kthread_stop+0x41/0x60
process_one_work+0x6b0/0xb80
worker_thread+0x96/0x720
kthread+0x1a5/0x1f0
ret_from_fork+0x3a/0x70
ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30
</TASK>
The root cause is the same as commit 436901649731 ("bpf: cpumap: Fix memory
leak in cpu_map_update_elem"). The kthread is stopped prematurely by
kthread_stop() in cpu_map_kthread_stop(), and kthread() doesn't call
cpu_map_kthread_run() at all but XDP program has already queued some
frames or skbs into ptr_ring. So when __cpu_map_ring_cleanup() checks
the ptr_ring, it will find it was not emptied and report a warning.
An alternative fix is to use __cpu_map_ring_cleanup() to drop these
pending frames or skbs when kthread_stop() returns -EINTR, but it may
confuse the user, because these frames or skbs have been handled
correctly by XDP program. So instead of dropping these frames or skbs,
just make sure the per-cpu kthread is running before
__cpu_map_entry_alloc() returns.
After apply the fix, the error handle for kthread_stop() will be
unnecessary because it will always return 0, so just remove it.
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-10-04
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
gpio: mvebu: fix irq domain leak
Uwe Kleine-König pointed out we still have one resource leak in the mvebu
driver triggered on driver detach. Let's address it with a custom devm
action.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-10-04
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net/mlx5e: Check for NOT_READY flag state after locking
Currently the check for NOT_READY flag is performed before obtaining the
necessary lock. This opens a possibility for race condition when the flow
is concurrently removed from unready_flows list by the workqueue task,
which causes a double-removal from the list and a crash[0]. Fix the issue
by moving the flag check inside the section protected by
uplink_priv->unready_flows_lock mutex.
[0]:
[44376.389654] general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdead000000000108: 0000 [#1] SMP
[44376.391665] CPU: 7 PID: 59123 Comm: tc Not tainted 6.4.0-rc4+ #1
[44376.392984] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.13.0-0-gf21b5a4aeb02-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
[44376.395342] RIP: 0010:mlx5e_tc_del_fdb_flow+0xb3/0x340 [mlx5_core]
[44376.396857] Code: 00 48 8b b8 68 ce 02 00 e8 8a 4d 02 00 4c 8d a8 a8 01 00 00 4c 89 ef e8 8b 79 88 e1 48 8b 83 98 06 00 00 48 8b 93 90 06 00 00 <48> 89 42 08 48 89 10 48 b8 00 01 00 00 00 00 ad de 48 89 83 90 06
[44376.399167] RSP: 0018:ffff88812cc97570 EFLAGS: 00010246
[44376.399680] RAX: dead000000000122 RBX: ffff8881088e3800 RCX: ffff8881881bac00
[44376.400337] RDX: dead000000000100 RSI: ffff88812cc97500 RDI: ffff8881242f71b0
[44376.401001] RBP: ffff88811cbb0940 R08: 0000000000000400 R09: 0000000000000001
[44376.401663] R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff88812c944000
[44376.402342] R13: ffff8881242f71a8 R14: ffff8881222b4000 R15: 0000000000000000
[44376.402999] FS: 00007f0451104800(0000) GS:ffff88852cb80000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[44376.403787] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[44376.404343] CR2: 0000000000489108 CR3: 0000000123a79003 CR4: 0000000000370ea0
[44376.405004] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
[44376.405665] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
[44376.406339] Call Trace:
[44376.406651] <TASK>
[44376.406939] ? die_addr+0x33/0x90
[44376.407311] ? exc_general_protection+0x192/0x390
[44376.407795] ? asm_exc_general_protection+0x22/0x30
[44376.408292] ? mlx5e_tc_del_fdb_flow+0xb3/0x340 [mlx5_core]
[44376.408876] __mlx5e_tc_del_fdb_peer_flow+0xbc/0xe0 [mlx5_core]
[44376.409482] mlx5e_tc_del_flow+0x42/0x210 [mlx5_core]
[44376.410055] mlx5e_flow_put+0x25/0x50 [mlx5_core]
[44376.410529] mlx5e_delete_flower+0x24b/0x350 [mlx5_core]
[44376.411043] tc_setup_cb_reoffload+0x22/0x80
[44376.411462] fl_reoffload+0x261/0x2f0 [cls_flower]
[44376.411907] ? mlx5e_rep_indr_setup_ft_cb+0x160/0x160 [mlx5_core]
[44376.412481] ? mlx5e_rep_indr_setup_ft_cb+0x160/0x160 [mlx5_core]
[44376.413044] tcf_block_playback_offloads+0x76/0x170
[44376.413497] tcf_block_unbind+0x7b/0xd0
[44376.413881] tcf_block_setup+0x17d/0x1c0
[44376.414269] tcf_block_offload_cmd.isra.0+0xf1/0x130
[44376.414725] tcf_block_offload_unbind+0x43/0x70
[44376.415153] __tcf_block_put+0x82/0x150
[44376.415532] ingress_destroy+0x22/0x30 [sch_ingress]
[44376.415986] qdisc_destroy+0x3b/0xd0
[44376.416343] qdisc_graft+0x4d0/0x620
[44376.416706] tc_get_qdisc+0x1c9/0x3b0
[44376.417074] rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x29c/0x390
[44376.419978] ? rep_movs_alternative+0x3a/0xa0
[44376.420399] ? rtnl_calcit.isra.0+0x120/0x120
[44376.420813] netlink_rcv_skb+0x54/0x100
[44376.421192] netlink_unicast+0x1f6/0x2c0
[44376.421573] netlink_sendmsg+0x232/0x4a0
[44376.421980] sock_sendmsg+0x38/0x60
[44376.422328] ____sys_sendmsg+0x1d0/0x1e0
[44376.422709] ? copy_msghdr_from_user+0x6d/0xa0
[44376.423127] ___sys_sendmsg+0x80/0xc0
[44376.423495] ? ___sys_recvmsg+0x8b/0xc0
[44376.423869] __sys_sendmsg+0x51/0x90
[44376.424226] do_syscall_64+0x3d/0x90
[44376.424587] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x46/0xb0
[44376.425046] RIP: 0033:0x7f045134f887
[44376.425403] Code: 0a 00 f7 d8 64 89 02 48 c7 c0 ff ff ff ff eb b9 0f 1f 00 f3 0f 1e fa 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 10 b8 2e 00
---truncated---
CVSS Score
4.7
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-10-04
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
s390/zcrypt: don't leak memory if dev_set_name() fails
When dev_set_name() fails, zcdn_create() doesn't free the newly
allocated resources. Do it.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-10-04
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: nl80211: fix integer overflow in nl80211_parse_mbssid_elems()
nl80211_parse_mbssid_elems() uses a u8 variable num_elems to count the
number of MBSSID elements in the nested netlink attribute attrs, which can
lead to an integer overflow if a user of the nl80211 interface specifies
256 or more elements in the corresponding attribute in userspace. The
integer overflow can lead to a heap buffer overflow as num_elems determines
the size of the trailing array in elems, and this array is thereafter
written to for each element in attrs.
Note that this vulnerability only affects devices with the
wiphy->mbssid_max_interfaces member set for the wireless physical device
struct in the device driver, and can only be triggered by a process with
CAP_NET_ADMIN capabilities.
Fix this by checking for a maximum of 255 elements in attrs.
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-10-04
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
clk: imx: scu: use _safe list iterator to avoid a use after free
This loop is freeing "clk" so it needs to use list_for_each_entry_safe().
Otherwise it dereferences a freed variable to get the next item on the
loop.
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-10-04