Integer signedness error in the i386_set_ldt call in FreeBSD 5.5, and possibly earlier versions down to 5.2, allows local users to cause a denial of service (crash) via unspecified arguments that use negative signed integers to cause the bzero function to be called with a large length parameter, a different vulnerability than CVE-2006-4172.
The Linux kernel before 2.6.16.9 and the FreeBSD kernel, when running on AMD64 and other 7th and 8th generation AuthenticAMD processors, only save/restore the FOP, FIP, and FDP x87 registers in FXSAVE/FXRSTOR when an exception is pending, which allows one process to determine portions of the state of floating point instructions of other processes, which can be leveraged to obtain sensitive information such as cryptographic keys. NOTE: this is the documented behavior of AMD64 processors, but it is inconsistent with Intel processors in a security-relevant fashion that was not addressed by the kernels.
The shmat system call in the System V Shared Memory interface for FreeBSD 5.2 and earlier, NetBSD 1.3 and earlier, and OpenBSD 2.6 and earlier, does not properly decrement a shared memory segment's reference count when the vm_map_find function fails, which could allow local users to gain read or write access to a portion of kernel memory and gain privileges.
Off-by-one error in the fb_realpath() function, as derived from the realpath function in BSD, may allow attackers to execute arbitrary code, as demonstrated in wu-ftpd 2.5.0 through 2.6.2 via commands that cause pathnames of length MAXPATHLEN+1 to trigger a buffer overflow, including (1) STOR, (2) RETR, (3) APPE, (4) DELE, (5) MKD, (6) RMD, (7) STOU, or (8) RNTO.
Integer signedness error in several system calls for FreeBSD 4.6.1 RELEASE-p10 and earlier may allow attackers to access sensitive kernel memory via large negative values to the (1) accept, (2) getsockname, and (3) getpeername system calls, and the (4) vesa FBIO_GETPALETTE ioctl.
Integer overflow in xdr_array function in RPC servers for operating systems that use libc, glibc, or other code based on SunRPC including dietlibc, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by passing a large number of arguments to xdr_array through RPC services such as rpc.cmsd and dmispd.