Linux: >> Linux Kernel >> 6.1.9 Security Vulnerabilities
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
igb: Fix igb_down hung on surprise removal
In a setup where a Thunderbolt hub connects to Ethernet and a display
through USB Type-C, users may experience a hung task timeout when they
remove the cable between the PC and the Thunderbolt hub.
This is because the igb_down function is called multiple times when
the Thunderbolt hub is unplugged. For example, the igb_io_error_detected
triggers the first call, and the igb_remove triggers the second call.
The second call to igb_down will block at napi_synchronize.
Here's the call trace:
__schedule+0x3b0/0xddb
? __mod_timer+0x164/0x5d3
schedule+0x44/0xa8
schedule_timeout+0xb2/0x2a4
? run_local_timers+0x4e/0x4e
msleep+0x31/0x38
igb_down+0x12c/0x22a [igb 6615058754948bfde0bf01429257eb59f13030d4]
__igb_close+0x6f/0x9c [igb 6615058754948bfde0bf01429257eb59f13030d4]
igb_close+0x23/0x2b [igb 6615058754948bfde0bf01429257eb59f13030d4]
__dev_close_many+0x95/0xec
dev_close_many+0x6e/0x103
unregister_netdevice_many+0x105/0x5b1
unregister_netdevice_queue+0xc2/0x10d
unregister_netdev+0x1c/0x23
igb_remove+0xa7/0x11c [igb 6615058754948bfde0bf01429257eb59f13030d4]
pci_device_remove+0x3f/0x9c
device_release_driver_internal+0xfe/0x1b4
pci_stop_bus_device+0x5b/0x7f
pci_stop_bus_device+0x30/0x7f
pci_stop_bus_device+0x30/0x7f
pci_stop_and_remove_bus_device+0x12/0x19
pciehp_unconfigure_device+0x76/0xe9
pciehp_disable_slot+0x6e/0x131
pciehp_handle_presence_or_link_change+0x7a/0x3f7
pciehp_ist+0xbe/0x194
irq_thread_fn+0x22/0x4d
? irq_thread+0x1fd/0x1fd
irq_thread+0x17b/0x1fd
? irq_forced_thread_fn+0x5f/0x5f
kthread+0x142/0x153
? __irq_get_irqchip_state+0x46/0x46
? kthread_associate_blkcg+0x71/0x71
ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30
In this case, igb_io_error_detected detaches the network interface
and requests a PCIE slot reset, however, the PCIE reset callback is
not being invoked and thus the Ethernet connection breaks down.
As the PCIE error in this case is a non-fatal one, requesting a
slot reset can be avoided.
This patch fixes the task hung issue and preserves Ethernet
connection by ignoring non-fatal PCIE errors.
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ext4: avoid deadlock in fs reclaim with page writeback
Ext4 has a filesystem wide lock protecting ext4_writepages() calls to
avoid races with switching of journalled data flag or inode format. This
lock can however cause a deadlock like:
CPU0 CPU1
ext4_writepages()
percpu_down_read(sbi->s_writepages_rwsem);
ext4_change_inode_journal_flag()
percpu_down_write(sbi->s_writepages_rwsem);
- blocks, all readers block from now on
ext4_do_writepages()
ext4_init_io_end()
kmem_cache_zalloc(io_end_cachep, GFP_KERNEL)
fs_reclaim frees dentry...
dentry_unlink_inode()
iput() - last ref =>
iput_final() - inode dirty =>
write_inode_now()...
ext4_writepages() tries to acquire sbi->s_writepages_rwsem
and blocks forever
Make sure we cannot recurse into filesystem reclaim from writeback code
to avoid the deadlock.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
scsi: qla2xxx: Pointer may be dereferenced
Klocwork tool reported pointer 'rport' returned from call to function
fc_bsg_to_rport() may be NULL and will be dereferenced.
Add a fix to validate rport before dereferencing.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
md/raid10: prevent soft lockup while flush writes
Currently, there is no limit for raid1/raid10 plugged bio. While flushing
writes, raid1 has cond_resched() while raid10 doesn't, and too many
writes can cause soft lockup.
Follow up soft lockup can be triggered easily with writeback test for
raid10 with ramdisks:
watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#10 stuck for 27s! [md0_raid10:1293]
Call Trace:
<TASK>
call_rcu+0x16/0x20
put_object+0x41/0x80
__delete_object+0x50/0x90
delete_object_full+0x2b/0x40
kmemleak_free+0x46/0xa0
slab_free_freelist_hook.constprop.0+0xed/0x1a0
kmem_cache_free+0xfd/0x300
mempool_free_slab+0x1f/0x30
mempool_free+0x3a/0x100
bio_free+0x59/0x80
bio_put+0xcf/0x2c0
free_r10bio+0xbf/0xf0
raid_end_bio_io+0x78/0xb0
one_write_done+0x8a/0xa0
raid10_end_write_request+0x1b4/0x430
bio_endio+0x175/0x320
brd_submit_bio+0x3b9/0x9b7 [brd]
__submit_bio+0x69/0xe0
submit_bio_noacct_nocheck+0x1e6/0x5a0
submit_bio_noacct+0x38c/0x7e0
flush_pending_writes+0xf0/0x240
raid10d+0xac/0x1ed0
Fix the problem by adding cond_resched() to raid10 like what raid1 did.
Note that unlimited plugged bio still need to be optimized, for example,
in the case of lots of dirty pages writeback, this will take lots of
memory and io will spend a long time in plug, hence io latency is bad.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/amdgpu: fix calltrace warning in amddrm_buddy_fini
The following call trace is observed when removing the amdgpu driver, which
is caused by that BOs allocated for psp are not freed until removing.
[61811.450562] RIP: 0010:amddrm_buddy_fini.cold+0x29/0x47 [amddrm_buddy]
[61811.450577] Call Trace:
[61811.450577] <TASK>
[61811.450579] amdgpu_vram_mgr_fini+0x135/0x1c0 [amdgpu]
[61811.450728] amdgpu_ttm_fini+0x207/0x290 [amdgpu]
[61811.450870] amdgpu_bo_fini+0x27/0xa0 [amdgpu]
[61811.451012] gmc_v9_0_sw_fini+0x4a/0x60 [amdgpu]
[61811.451166] amdgpu_device_fini_sw+0x117/0x520 [amdgpu]
[61811.451306] amdgpu_driver_release_kms+0x16/0x30 [amdgpu]
[61811.451447] devm_drm_dev_init_release+0x4d/0x80 [drm]
[61811.451466] devm_action_release+0x15/0x20
[61811.451469] release_nodes+0x40/0xb0
[61811.451471] devres_release_all+0x9b/0xd0
[61811.451473] __device_release_driver+0x1bb/0x2a0
[61811.451476] driver_detach+0xf3/0x140
[61811.451479] bus_remove_driver+0x6c/0xf0
[61811.451481] driver_unregister+0x31/0x60
[61811.451483] pci_unregister_driver+0x40/0x90
[61811.451486] amdgpu_exit+0x15/0x447 [amdgpu]
For smu v13_0_2, if the GPU supports xgmi, refer to
commit f5c7e7797060 ("drm/amdgpu: Adjust removal control flow for smu v13_0_2"),
it will run gpu recover in AMDGPU_RESET_FOR_DEVICE_REMOVE mode when removing,
which makes all devices in hive list have hw reset but no resume except the
basic ip blocks, then other ip blocks will not call .hw_fini according to
ip_block.status.hw.
Since psp_free_shared_bufs just includes some software operations, so move
it to psp_sw_fini.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: cfg80211: Fix use after free for wext
Key information in wext.connect is not reset on (re)connect and can hold
data from a previous connection.
Reset key data to avoid that drivers or mac80211 incorrectly detect a
WEP connection request and access the freed or already reused memory.
Additionally optimize cfg80211_sme_connect() and avoid an useless
schedule of conn_work.
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: brcmfmac: Fix potential stack-out-of-bounds in brcmf_c_preinit_dcmds()
This patch fixes a stack-out-of-bounds read in brcmfmac that occurs
when 'buf' that is not null-terminated is passed as an argument of
strsep() in brcmf_c_preinit_dcmds(). This buffer is filled with a firmware
version string by memcpy() in brcmf_fil_iovar_data_get().
The patch ensures buf is null-terminated.
Found by a modified version of syzkaller.
[ 47.569679][ T1897] brcmfmac: brcmf_fw_alloc_request: using brcm/brcmfmac43236b for chip BCM43236/3
[ 47.582839][ T1897] brcmfmac: brcmf_c_process_clm_blob: no clm_blob available (err=-2), device may have limited channels available
[ 47.601565][ T1897] ==================================================================
[ 47.602574][ T1897] BUG: KASAN: stack-out-of-bounds in strsep+0x1b2/0x1f0
[ 47.603447][ T1897] Read of size 1 at addr ffffc90001f6f000 by task kworker/0:2/1897
[ 47.604336][ T1897]
[ 47.604621][ T1897] CPU: 0 PID: 1897 Comm: kworker/0:2 Tainted: G O 5.14.0+ #131
[ 47.605617][ T1897] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.12.1-0-ga5cab58e9a3f-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
[ 47.606907][ T1897] Workqueue: usb_hub_wq hub_event
[ 47.607453][ T1897] Call Trace:
[ 47.607801][ T1897] dump_stack_lvl+0x8e/0xd1
[ 47.608295][ T1897] print_address_description.constprop.0.cold+0xf/0x334
[ 47.609009][ T1897] ? strsep+0x1b2/0x1f0
[ 47.609434][ T1897] ? strsep+0x1b2/0x1f0
[ 47.609863][ T1897] kasan_report.cold+0x83/0xdf
[ 47.610366][ T1897] ? strsep+0x1b2/0x1f0
[ 47.610882][ T1897] strsep+0x1b2/0x1f0
[ 47.611300][ T1897] ? brcmf_fil_iovar_data_get+0x3a/0xf0
[ 47.611883][ T1897] brcmf_c_preinit_dcmds+0x995/0xc40
[ 47.612434][ T1897] ? brcmf_c_set_joinpref_default+0x100/0x100
[ 47.613078][ T1897] ? rcu_read_lock_sched_held+0xa1/0xd0
[ 47.613662][ T1897] ? rcu_read_lock_bh_held+0xb0/0xb0
[ 47.614208][ T1897] ? lock_acquire+0x19d/0x4e0
[ 47.614704][ T1897] ? find_held_lock+0x2d/0x110
[ 47.615236][ T1897] ? brcmf_usb_deq+0x1a7/0x260
[ 47.615741][ T1897] ? brcmf_usb_rx_fill_all+0x5a/0xf0
[ 47.616288][ T1897] brcmf_attach+0x246/0xd40
[ 47.616758][ T1897] ? wiphy_new_nm+0x1703/0x1dd0
[ 47.617280][ T1897] ? kmemdup+0x43/0x50
[ 47.617720][ T1897] brcmf_usb_probe+0x12de/0x1690
[ 47.618244][ T1897] ? brcmf_usbdev_qinit.constprop.0+0x470/0x470
[ 47.618901][ T1897] usb_probe_interface+0x2aa/0x760
[ 47.619429][ T1897] ? usb_probe_device+0x250/0x250
[ 47.619950][ T1897] really_probe+0x205/0xb70
[ 47.620435][ T1897] ? driver_allows_async_probing+0x130/0x130
[ 47.621048][ T1897] __driver_probe_device+0x311/0x4b0
[ 47.621595][ T1897] ? driver_allows_async_probing+0x130/0x130
[ 47.622209][ T1897] driver_probe_device+0x4e/0x150
[ 47.622739][ T1897] __device_attach_driver+0x1cc/0x2a0
[ 47.623287][ T1897] bus_for_each_drv+0x156/0x1d0
[ 47.623796][ T1897] ? bus_rescan_devices+0x30/0x30
[ 47.624309][ T1897] ? lockdep_hardirqs_on_prepare+0x273/0x3e0
[ 47.624907][ T1897] ? trace_hardirqs_on+0x46/0x160
[ 47.625437][ T1897] __device_attach+0x23f/0x3a0
[ 47.625924][ T1897] ? device_bind_driver+0xd0/0xd0
[ 47.626433][ T1897] ? kobject_uevent_env+0x287/0x14b0
[ 47.627057][ T1897] bus_probe_device+0x1da/0x290
[ 47.627557][ T1897] device_add+0xb7b/0x1eb0
[ 47.628027][ T1897] ? wait_for_completion+0x290/0x290
[ 47.628593][ T1897] ? __fw_devlink_link_to_suppliers+0x5a0/0x5a0
[ 47.629249][ T1897] usb_set_configuration+0xf59/0x16f0
[ 47.629829][ T1897] usb_generic_driver_probe+0x82/0xa0
[ 47.630385][ T1897] usb_probe_device+0xbb/0x250
[ 47.630927][ T1897] ? usb_suspend+0x590/0x590
[ 47.631397][ T1897] really_probe+0x205/0xb70
[ 47.631855][ T1897] ? driver_allows_async_probing+0x130/0x130
[ 47.632469][ T1897] __driver_probe_device+0x311/0x4b0
[ 47.633002][
---truncated---
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
btrfs: abort transaction on unexpected eb generation at btrfs_copy_root()
If we find an unexpected generation for the extent buffer we are cloning
at btrfs_copy_root(), we just WARN_ON() and don't error out and abort the
transaction, meaning we allow to persist metadata with an unexpected
generation. Instead of warning only, abort the transaction and return
-EUCLEAN.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
usb: dwc3: Remove WARN_ON for device endpoint command timeouts
This commit addresses a rarely observed endpoint command timeout
which causes kernel panic due to warn when 'panic_on_warn' is enabled
and unnecessary call trace prints when 'panic_on_warn' is disabled.
It is seen during fast software-controlled connect/disconnect testcases.
The following is one such endpoint command timeout that we observed:
1. Connect
=======
->dwc3_thread_interrupt
->dwc3_ep0_interrupt
->configfs_composite_setup
->composite_setup
->usb_ep_queue
->dwc3_gadget_ep0_queue
->__dwc3_gadget_ep0_queue
->__dwc3_ep0_do_control_data
->dwc3_send_gadget_ep_cmd
2. Disconnect
==========
->dwc3_thread_interrupt
->dwc3_gadget_disconnect_interrupt
->dwc3_ep0_reset_state
->dwc3_ep0_end_control_data
->dwc3_send_gadget_ep_cmd
In the issue scenario, in Exynos platforms, we observed that control
transfers for the previous connect have not yet been completed and end
transfer command sent as a part of the disconnect sequence and
processing of USB_ENDPOINT_HALT feature request from the host timeout.
This maybe an expected scenario since the controller is processing EP
commands sent as a part of the previous connect. It maybe better to
remove WARN_ON in all places where device endpoint commands are sent to
avoid unnecessary kernel panic due to warn.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
xfrm: Duplicate SPI Handling
The issue originates when Strongswan initiates an XFRM_MSG_ALLOCSPI
Netlink message, which triggers the kernel function xfrm_alloc_spi().
This function is expected to ensure uniqueness of the Security Parameter
Index (SPI) for inbound Security Associations (SAs). However, it can
return success even when the requested SPI is already in use, leading
to duplicate SPIs assigned to multiple inbound SAs, differentiated
only by their destination addresses.
This behavior causes inconsistencies during SPI lookups for inbound packets.
Since the lookup may return an arbitrary SA among those with the same SPI,
packet processing can fail, resulting in packet drops.
According to RFC 4301 section 4.4.2 , for inbound processing a unicast SA
is uniquely identified by the SPI and optionally protocol.
Reproducing the Issue Reliably:
To consistently reproduce the problem, restrict the available SPI range in
charon.conf : spi_min = 0x10000000 spi_max = 0x10000002
This limits the system to only 2 usable SPI values.
Next, create more than 2 Child SA. each using unique pair of src/dst address.
As soon as the 3rd Child SA is initiated, it will be assigned a duplicate
SPI, since the SPI pool is already exhausted.
With a narrow SPI range, the issue is consistently reproducible.
With a broader/default range, it becomes rare and unpredictable.
Current implementation:
xfrm_spi_hash() lookup function computes hash using daddr, proto, and family.
So if two SAs have the same SPI but different destination addresses, then
they will:
a. Hash into different buckets
b. Be stored in different linked lists (byspi + h)
c. Not be seen in the same hlist_for_each_entry_rcu() iteration.
As a result, the lookup will result in NULL and kernel allows that Duplicate SPI
Proposed Change:
xfrm_state_lookup_spi_proto() does a truly global search - across all states,
regardless of hash bucket and matches SPI and proto.
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-12