Linux: >> Linux Kernel >> 6.1.3 Security Vulnerabilities
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ext4: don't allow journal inode to have encrypt flag
Mounting a filesystem whose journal inode has the encrypt flag causes a
NULL dereference in fscrypt_limit_io_blocks() when the 'inlinecrypt'
mount option is used.
The problem is that when jbd2_journal_init_inode() calls bmap(), it
eventually finds its way into ext4_iomap_begin(), which calls
fscrypt_limit_io_blocks(). fscrypt_limit_io_blocks() requires that if
the inode is encrypted, then its encryption key must already be set up.
That's not the case here, since the journal inode is never "opened" like
a normal file would be. Hence the crash.
A reproducer is:
mkfs.ext4 -F /dev/vdb
debugfs -w /dev/vdb -R "set_inode_field <8> flags 0x80808"
mount /dev/vdb /mnt -o inlinecrypt
To fix this, make ext4 consider journal inodes with the encrypt flag to
be invalid. (Note, maybe other flags should be rejected on the journal
inode too. For now, this is just the minimal fix for the above issue.)
I've marked this as fixing the commit that introduced the call to
fscrypt_limit_io_blocks(), since that's what made an actual crash start
being possible. But this fix could be applied to any version of ext4
that supports the encrypt feature.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: rtlwifi: Fix global-out-of-bounds bug in _rtl8812ae_phy_set_txpower_limit()
There is a global-out-of-bounds reported by KASAN:
BUG: KASAN: global-out-of-bounds in
_rtl8812ae_eq_n_byte.part.0+0x3d/0x84 [rtl8821ae]
Read of size 1 at addr ffffffffa0773c43 by task NetworkManager/411
CPU: 6 PID: 411 Comm: NetworkManager Tainted: G D
6.1.0-rc8+ #144 e15588508517267d37
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009),
Call Trace:
<TASK>
...
kasan_report+0xbb/0x1c0
_rtl8812ae_eq_n_byte.part.0+0x3d/0x84 [rtl8821ae]
rtl8821ae_phy_bb_config.cold+0x346/0x641 [rtl8821ae]
rtl8821ae_hw_init+0x1f5e/0x79b0 [rtl8821ae]
...
</TASK>
The root cause of the problem is that the comparison order of
"prate_section" in _rtl8812ae_phy_set_txpower_limit() is wrong. The
_rtl8812ae_eq_n_byte() is used to compare the first n bytes of the two
strings from tail to head, which causes the problem. In the
_rtl8812ae_phy_set_txpower_limit(), it was originally intended to meet
this requirement by carefully designing the comparison order.
For example, "pregulation" and "pbandwidth" are compared in order of
length from small to large, first is 3 and last is 4. However, the
comparison order of "prate_section" dose not obey such order requirement,
therefore when "prate_section" is "HT", when comparing from tail to head,
it will lead to access out of bounds in _rtl8812ae_eq_n_byte(). As
mentioned above, the _rtl8812ae_eq_n_byte() has the same function as
strcmp(), so just strcmp() is enough.
Fix it by removing _rtl8812ae_eq_n_byte() and use strcmp() barely.
Although it can be fixed by adjusting the comparison order of
"prate_section", this may cause the value of "rate_section" to not be
from 0 to 5. In addition, commit "21e4b0726dc6" not only moved driver
from staging to regular tree, but also added setting txpower limit
function during the driver config phase, so the problem was introduced
by this commit.
CVSS Score
7.1
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/vkms: Fix memory leak in vkms_init()
A memory leak was reported after the vkms module install failed.
unreferenced object 0xffff88810bc28520 (size 16):
comm "modprobe", pid 9662, jiffies 4298009455 (age 42.590s)
hex dump (first 16 bytes):
01 01 00 64 81 88 ff ff 00 00 dc 0a 81 88 ff ff ...d............
backtrace:
[<00000000e7561ff8>] kmalloc_trace+0x27/0x60
[<000000000b1954a0>] 0xffffffffc45200a9
[<00000000abbf1da0>] do_one_initcall+0xd0/0x4f0
[<000000001505ee87>] do_init_module+0x1a4/0x680
[<00000000958079ad>] load_module+0x6249/0x7110
[<00000000117e4696>] __do_sys_finit_module+0x140/0x200
[<00000000f74b12d2>] do_syscall_64+0x35/0x80
[<000000008fc6fcde>] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x46/0xb0
The reason is that the vkms_init() returns without checking the return
value of vkms_create(), and if the vkms_create() failed, the config
allocated at the beginning of vkms_init() is leaked.
vkms_init()
config = kmalloc(...) # config allocated
...
return vkms_create() # vkms_create failed and config is leaked
Fix this problem by checking return value of vkms_create() and free the
config if error happened.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
vdpasim: fix memory leak when freeing IOTLBs
After commit bda324fd037a ("vdpasim: control virtqueue support"),
vdpasim->iommu became an array of IOTLB, so we should clean the
mappings of each free one by one instead of just deleting the ranges
in the first IOTLB which may leak maps.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
USB: uhci: fix memory leak with using debugfs_lookup()
When calling debugfs_lookup() the result must have dput() called on it,
otherwise the memory will leak over time. To make things simpler, just
call debugfs_lookup_and_remove() instead which handles all of the logic
at once.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
raw: Fix NULL deref in raw_get_next().
Dae R. Jeong reported a NULL deref in raw_get_next() [0].
It seems that the repro was running these sequences in parallel so
that one thread was iterating on a socket that was being freed in
another netns.
unshare(0x40060200)
r0 = syz_open_procfs(0x0, &(0x7f0000002080)='net/raw\x00')
socket$inet_icmp_raw(0x2, 0x3, 0x1)
pread64(r0, &(0x7f0000000000)=""/10, 0xa, 0x10000000007f)
After commit 0daf07e52709 ("raw: convert raw sockets to RCU"), we
use RCU and hlist_nulls_for_each_entry() to iterate over SOCK_RAW
sockets. However, we should use spinlock for slow paths to avoid
the NULL deref.
Also, SOCK_RAW does not use SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU, and the slab object
is not reused during iteration in the grace period. In fact, the
lockless readers do not check the nulls marker with get_nulls_value().
So, SOCK_RAW should use hlist instead of hlist_nulls.
Instead of adding an unnecessary barrier by sk_nulls_for_each_rcu(),
let's convert hlist_nulls to hlist and use sk_for_each_rcu() for
fast paths and sk_for_each() and spinlock for /proc/net/raw.
[0]:
general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdffffc0000000005: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN
KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000028-0x000000000000002f]
CPU: 2 PID: 20952 Comm: syz-executor.0 Not tainted 6.2.0-g048ec869bafd-dirty #7
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.14.0-0-g155821a1990b-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
RIP: 0010:read_pnet include/net/net_namespace.h:383 [inline]
RIP: 0010:sock_net include/net/sock.h:649 [inline]
RIP: 0010:raw_get_next net/ipv4/raw.c:974 [inline]
RIP: 0010:raw_get_idx net/ipv4/raw.c:986 [inline]
RIP: 0010:raw_seq_start+0x431/0x800 net/ipv4/raw.c:995
Code: ef e8 33 3d 94 f7 49 8b 6d 00 4c 89 ef e8 b7 65 5f f7 49 89 ed 49 83 c5 98 0f 84 9a 00 00 00 48 83 c5 c8 48 89 e8 48 c1 e8 03 <42> 80 3c 30 00 74 08 48 89 ef e8 00 3d 94 f7 4c 8b 7d 00 48 89 ef
RSP: 0018:ffffc9001154f9b0 EFLAGS: 00010206
RAX: 0000000000000005 RBX: 1ffff1100302c8fd RCX: 0000000000000000
RDX: 0000000000000028 RSI: ffffc9001154f988 RDI: ffffc9000f77a338
RBP: 0000000000000029 R08: ffffffff8a50ffb4 R09: fffffbfff24b6bd9
R10: fffffbfff24b6bd9 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff88801db73b78
R13: fffffffffffffff9 R14: dffffc0000000000 R15: 0000000000000030
FS: 00007f843ae8e700(0000) GS:ffff888063700000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 000055bb9614b35f CR3: 000000003c672000 CR4: 00000000003506e0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
Call Trace:
<TASK>
seq_read_iter+0x4c6/0x10f0 fs/seq_file.c:225
seq_read+0x224/0x320 fs/seq_file.c:162
pde_read fs/proc/inode.c:316 [inline]
proc_reg_read+0x23f/0x330 fs/proc/inode.c:328
vfs_read+0x31e/0xd30 fs/read_write.c:468
ksys_pread64 fs/read_write.c:665 [inline]
__do_sys_pread64 fs/read_write.c:675 [inline]
__se_sys_pread64 fs/read_write.c:672 [inline]
__x64_sys_pread64+0x1e9/0x280 fs/read_write.c:672
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:51 [inline]
do_syscall_64+0x4e/0xa0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:82
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd
RIP: 0033:0x478d29
Code: f7 d8 64 89 02 b8 ff ff ff ff c3 66 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 bc ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48
RSP: 002b:00007f843ae8dbe8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000011
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000791408 RCX: 0000000000478d29
RDX: 000000000000000a RSI: 0000000020000000 RDI: 0000000000000003
RBP: 00000000f477909a R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 000010000000007f R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000791740
R13: 0000000000791414 R14: 0000000000791408 R15: 00007ffc2eb48a50
</TASK>
Modules linked in:
---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
RIP: 0010
---truncated---
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: openvswitch: fix race on port output
assume the following setup on a single machine:
1. An openvswitch instance with one bridge and default flows
2. two network namespaces "server" and "client"
3. two ovs interfaces "server" and "client" on the bridge
4. for each ovs interface a veth pair with a matching name and 32 rx and
tx queues
5. move the ends of the veth pairs to the respective network namespaces
6. assign ip addresses to each of the veth ends in the namespaces (needs
to be the same subnet)
7. start some http server on the server network namespace
8. test if a client in the client namespace can reach the http server
when following the actions below the host has a chance of getting a cpu
stuck in a infinite loop:
1. send a large amount of parallel requests to the http server (around
3000 curls should work)
2. in parallel delete the network namespace (do not delete interfaces or
stop the server, just kill the namespace)
there is a low chance that this will cause the below kernel cpu stuck
message. If this does not happen just retry.
Below there is also the output of bpftrace for the functions mentioned
in the output.
The series of events happening here is:
1. the network namespace is deleted calling
`unregister_netdevice_many_notify` somewhere in the process
2. this sets first `NETREG_UNREGISTERING` on both ends of the veth and
then runs `synchronize_net`
3. it then calls `call_netdevice_notifiers` with `NETDEV_UNREGISTER`
4. this is then handled by `dp_device_event` which calls
`ovs_netdev_detach_dev` (if a vport is found, which is the case for
the veth interface attached to ovs)
5. this removes the rx_handlers of the device but does not prevent
packages to be sent to the device
6. `dp_device_event` then queues the vport deletion to work in
background as a ovs_lock is needed that we do not hold in the
unregistration path
7. `unregister_netdevice_many_notify` continues to call
`netdev_unregister_kobject` which sets `real_num_tx_queues` to 0
8. port deletion continues (but details are not relevant for this issue)
9. at some future point the background task deletes the vport
If after 7. but before 9. a packet is send to the ovs vport (which is
not deleted at this point in time) which forwards it to the
`dev_queue_xmit` flow even though the device is unregistering.
In `skb_tx_hash` (which is called in the `dev_queue_xmit`) path there is
a while loop (if the packet has a rx_queue recorded) that is infinite if
`dev->real_num_tx_queues` is zero.
To prevent this from happening we update `do_output` to handle devices
without carrier the same as if the device is not found (which would
be the code path after 9. is done).
Additionally we now produce a warning in `skb_tx_hash` if we will hit
the infinite loop.
bpftrace (first word is function name):
__dev_queue_xmit server: real_num_tx_queues: 1, cpu: 2, pid: 28024, tid: 28024, skb_addr: 0xffff9edb6f207000, reg_state: 1
netdev_core_pick_tx server: addr: 0xffff9f0a46d4a000 real_num_tx_queues: 1, cpu: 2, pid: 28024, tid: 28024, skb_addr: 0xffff9edb6f207000, reg_state: 1
dp_device_event server: real_num_tx_queues: 1 cpu 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024, event 2, reg_state: 1
synchronize_rcu_expedited: cpu 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024
synchronize_rcu_expedited: cpu 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024
synchronize_rcu_expedited: cpu 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024
synchronize_rcu_expedited: cpu 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024
dp_device_event server: real_num_tx_queues: 1 cpu 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024, event 6, reg_state: 2
ovs_netdev_detach_dev server: real_num_tx_queues: 1 cpu 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024, reg_state: 2
netdev_rx_handler_unregister server: real_num_tx_queues: 1, cpu: 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024, reg_state: 2
synchronize_rcu_expedited: cpu 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024
netdev_rx_handler_unregister ret server: real_num_tx_queues: 1, cpu: 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024, reg_state: 2
dp_
---truncated---
CVSS Score
4.7
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ipv6/addrconf: fix a potential refcount underflow for idev
Now in addrconf_mod_rs_timer(), reference idev depends on whether
rs_timer is not pending. Then modify rs_timer timeout.
There is a time gap in [1], during which if the pending rs_timer
becomes not pending. It will miss to hold idev, but the rs_timer
is activated. Thus rs_timer callback function addrconf_rs_timer()
will be executed and put idev later without holding idev. A refcount
underflow issue for idev can be caused by this.
if (!timer_pending(&idev->rs_timer))
in6_dev_hold(idev);
<--------------[1]
mod_timer(&idev->rs_timer, jiffies + when);
To fix the issue, hold idev if mod_timer() return 0.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
vxlan: Fix memory leaks in error path
The memory allocated by vxlan_vnigroup_init() is not freed in the error
path, leading to memory leaks [1]. Fix by calling
vxlan_vnigroup_uninit() in the error path.
The leaks can be reproduced by annotating gro_cells_init() with
ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION() and then running:
# echo "100" > /sys/kernel/debug/fail_function/probability
# echo "1" > /sys/kernel/debug/fail_function/times
# echo "gro_cells_init" > /sys/kernel/debug/fail_function/inject
# printf %#x -12 > /sys/kernel/debug/fail_function/gro_cells_init/retval
# ip link add name vxlan0 type vxlan dstport 4789 external vnifilter
RTNETLINK answers: Cannot allocate memory
[1]
unreferenced object 0xffff88810db84a00 (size 512):
comm "ip", pid 330, jiffies 4295010045 (age 66.016s)
hex dump (first 32 bytes):
f8 d5 76 0e 81 88 ff ff 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 ..v.............
03 00 04 00 48 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 04 00 01 00 ....H...........
backtrace:
[<ffffffff81a3097a>] kmalloc_trace+0x2a/0x60
[<ffffffff82f049fc>] vxlan_vnigroup_init+0x4c/0x160
[<ffffffff82ecd69e>] vxlan_init+0x1ae/0x280
[<ffffffff836858ca>] register_netdevice+0x57a/0x16d0
[<ffffffff82ef67b7>] __vxlan_dev_create+0x7c7/0xa50
[<ffffffff82ef6ce6>] vxlan_newlink+0xd6/0x130
[<ffffffff836d02ab>] __rtnl_newlink+0x112b/0x18a0
[<ffffffff836d0a8c>] rtnl_newlink+0x6c/0xa0
[<ffffffff836c0ddf>] rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x43f/0xd40
[<ffffffff83908ce0>] netlink_rcv_skb+0x170/0x440
[<ffffffff839066af>] netlink_unicast+0x53f/0x810
[<ffffffff839072d8>] netlink_sendmsg+0x958/0xe70
[<ffffffff835c319f>] ____sys_sendmsg+0x78f/0xa90
[<ffffffff835cd6da>] ___sys_sendmsg+0x13a/0x1e0
[<ffffffff835cd94c>] __sys_sendmsg+0x11c/0x1f0
[<ffffffff8424da78>] do_syscall_64+0x38/0x80
unreferenced object 0xffff88810e76d5f8 (size 192):
comm "ip", pid 330, jiffies 4295010045 (age 66.016s)
hex dump (first 32 bytes):
04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 db e1 4f e7 00 00 00 00 ..........O.....
08 d6 76 0e 81 88 ff ff 08 d6 76 0e 81 88 ff ff ..v.......v.....
backtrace:
[<ffffffff81a3162e>] __kmalloc_node+0x4e/0x90
[<ffffffff81a0e166>] kvmalloc_node+0xa6/0x1f0
[<ffffffff8276e1a3>] bucket_table_alloc.isra.0+0x83/0x460
[<ffffffff8276f18b>] rhashtable_init+0x43b/0x7c0
[<ffffffff82f04a1c>] vxlan_vnigroup_init+0x6c/0x160
[<ffffffff82ecd69e>] vxlan_init+0x1ae/0x280
[<ffffffff836858ca>] register_netdevice+0x57a/0x16d0
[<ffffffff82ef67b7>] __vxlan_dev_create+0x7c7/0xa50
[<ffffffff82ef6ce6>] vxlan_newlink+0xd6/0x130
[<ffffffff836d02ab>] __rtnl_newlink+0x112b/0x18a0
[<ffffffff836d0a8c>] rtnl_newlink+0x6c/0xa0
[<ffffffff836c0ddf>] rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x43f/0xd40
[<ffffffff83908ce0>] netlink_rcv_skb+0x170/0x440
[<ffffffff839066af>] netlink_unicast+0x53f/0x810
[<ffffffff839072d8>] netlink_sendmsg+0x958/0xe70
[<ffffffff835c319f>] ____sys_sendmsg+0x78f/0xa90
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
irqchip/alpine-msi: Fix refcount leak in alpine_msix_init_domains
of_irq_find_parent() returns a node pointer with refcount incremented,
We should use of_node_put() on it when not needed anymore.
Add missing of_node_put() to avoid refcount leak.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15