Security Vulnerabilities
@fastify/middie versions 9.1.0 through 9.3.2 fail to guard the URL normalization step used by the standalone engine when incoming request paths contain malformed percent-encoded sequences. Inputs such as an incomplete percent escape or a truncated multibyte sequence cause the underlying decoder to throw synchronously, and the exception escapes the middie normalize step and terminates the Node.js process. The bypass affects applications that call middie.run directly on the standalone engine API, causing an immediate denial of service for all connected clients until restart. Applications using the Fastify plugin path are not affected because Fastifys error handler catches the exception. Patches: upgrade to @fastify/middie 9.3.3. Workarounds: migrate from the standalone engine API to the Fastify plugin path, where the framework error handler catches the exception.
CVSS Score
7.5
EPSS Score
0.003
Published
2026-07-01
@fastify/middie versions 9.1.0 through 9.3.2 decode the encoded slash %2F inside path parameter values before matching middleware paths, while Fastify's underlying router preserves the encoding during route lookup. The two layers disagree on the canonical request path, so the middleware fails to match a URL that the route handler does match. When middleware is used for authentication, authorization, rate limiting, or auditing on parameterized paths, an attacker can reach the protected handler by sending a single crafted URL with an encoded slash in the parameter position. The bypass is HTTP method agnostic and requires no authentication or special preconditions. Patches: upgrade to @fastify/middie 9.3.3. Workarounds: avoid parameterized middleware paths for security decisions, or enforce authentication at the route handler or via a Fastify hook that runs after the router has resolved the request.
CVSS Score
9.1
EPSS Score
0.003
Published
2026-07-01
UltraVNC repeater through 1.8.2.2 contains a post-authentication out-of-bounds write in the allow/deny rule parser. In repeater/webgui/settings.c:225-272, after strncpy_s copies a rule token into temp1[rule1] (25-byte destination) or temp2/temp3 (16-byte destination), the code unconditionally writes a NUL terminator at temp1[rule1][len] = 0 without clamping len to the destination size. When an authenticated administrator saves a rule with a token length equal to or greater than the destination size, the NUL byte is written one or more bytes past the end of the stack-allocated array, corrupting adjacent stack data. An attacker who has obtained admin credentials (including via CVE-2026-7839 default password) can trigger this to gain code execution on the repeater host.
CVSS Score
7.2
EPSS Score
0.006
Published
2026-07-01
UltraVNC through 1.8.2.2 uses inadequate cryptography in the MS-Logon II authentication scheme (rfbUltraVNC_MsLogonIIAuth). In rfb/dh.cpp the Diffie-Hellman key exchange is performed with parameters that fit in an unsigned 64-bit integer (DH_MAX_BITS controls the prime size). A 64-bit DH key can be broken by Pollard's rho algorithm in under one second on current hardware. Additionally, the private exponent is generated by the rng() function, which multiplies three libc rand() values seeded from time(NULL). With approximately 31 bits of internal state and a time-based seed, the private exponent is recoverable in under a minute by a passive observer. A network attacker who can observe the MS-Logon II handshake (via sniffing, recording, or man-in-the-middle) can derive the shared DH key and decrypt the encapsulated username and password, resulting in full credential disclosure. This affects legacy MS-Logon II connections; MS-Logon III (X25519 + AES-256-GCM) is unaffected.
CVSS Score
7.4
EPSS Score
0.002
Published
2026-07-01
UltraVNC viewer through 1.8.2.2 contains an off-by-one stack buffer overflow in the RFB ServerInit message handler. In vncviewer/ClientConnection.cpp, when the server-supplied nameLength equals exactly 2024 the code declares a 2024-byte stack buffer _dn[2024] and calls ReadString(_dn, 2024). ReadString writes the NUL terminator at buf[length], i.e., _dn[2024], one byte past the end of the stack buffer. A malicious VNC server can trigger this condition by advertising a desktop name of length 2024 in its ServerInit message. On release builds without stack canaries the single-byte NUL overwrite adjacent stack data. On builds with /GS stack protection the canary is corrupted and the process terminates, resulting in denial of service. User interaction (connecting the viewer to the malicious server) is required.
CVSS Score
7.6
EPSS Score
0.005
Published
2026-07-01
UltraVNC viewer through 1.8.2.2 contains an integer overflow leading to a heap buffer overflow in the RFB protocol failure-response parsing path. In vncviewer/ClientConnection.cpp, the 4-byte network-supplied reasonLen field (type CARD32) is passed as reasonLen+1 to CheckBufferSize(). Because both operands are unsigned 32-bit, a reasonLen of 0xFFFFFFFF overflows to 0, causing CheckBufferSize to allocate only 256 bytes. The subsequent ReadString(m_netbuf, reasonLen) call then performs ReadExact for the original 4 GiB length into that 256-byte heap buffer. This overflow is reachable via rfbConnFailed (auth-scheme negotiation) and rfbVncAuthFailed (post-handshake) message types without successful authentication. A malicious VNC server, or any man-in-the-middle on the RFB stream, can trigger this condition when the victim viewer connects, potentially resulting in remote code execution as the user running the viewer. The crash was confirmed with AddressSanitizer on a portable reproduction harness (heap-buffer-overflow WRITE at offset 256).
CVSS Score
8.7
EPSS Score
0.014
Published
2026-07-01
UltraVNC repeater through 1.8.2.2 initializes the HTTP administration server with a hardcoded default password. In repeater/webgui/settings.c:197, when settings2.txt is absent on first run the repeater writes the literal string "adminadmi2" as the admin password via strcpy_s(saved_password, 64, "adminadmi2"). The HTTP Basic-auth handler wi_decode_auth() checks this password without rate-limiting or lockout. Any remote attacker who can reach the repeater HTTP port (default TCP 80) can authenticate as administrator using the well-known default credential on a fresh or unmodified installation, gaining full control of the repeater configuration including allow/deny rules and session visibility.
CVSS Score
9.1
EPSS Score
0.004
Published
2026-07-01
UltraVNC repeater through 1.8.2.2 contains a global buffer overflow in its embedded HTTP administration server. The functions wi_senderr() and wi_replyhdr() in repeater/webgui/webutils.c write the caller-supplied HTTP request URI into a fixed 1000-byte global buffer (hdrbuf) via unchecked sprintf calls. The HTTP receive buffer accepts URIs up to approximately 150 KB (WI_RXBUFSIZE = 153600), so an unauthenticated attacker who can reach the repeater HTTP port (default TCP 80) can overflow hdrbuf by at least 500 bytes with a single HTTP request containing a URI of 1500 bytes or longer, corrupting adjacent .bss-segment globals. The overflow occurs before any authentication check, making it reachable without credentials. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can achieve arbitrary code execution on the host running the repeater.
CVSS Score
9.3
EPSS Score
0.014
Published
2026-07-01
Improper neutralization of input during web page generation ('cross-site scripting') vulnerability in The Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki - Cargo Extension allows Stored XSS.
This issue affects Mediawiki - Cargo Extension: from * before 3.9.1.
CVSS Score
6.9
EPSS Score
0.001
Published
2026-07-01
UltraVNC repeater through 1.8.2.2 contains an integer overflow in the HTTP request logging path. In repeater/webgui/settings.c:336, the win_log() function allocates list nodes via malloc(sizeof(struct LIST) + strlen(line)), where line is derived from HTTP request URIs. If strlen(line) is sufficiently large, the addition overflows to a value smaller than sizeof(struct LIST), causing a heap allocation smaller than required. The subsequent strcpy of the full string into the undersized allocation produces a heap buffer overflow. In the current implementation this overflow is bounded by the HTTP receive buffer size (WI_RXBUFSIZE = 153600 bytes, well below SIZE_MAX on 32-bit builds), limiting practical exploitability to a partial heap write. A remote unauthenticated attacker can trigger the theoretical overflow path by sending a maximally-sized URI in an HTTP request to the repeater HTTP port.
CVSS Score
5.3
EPSS Score
0.011
Published
2026-07-01