Linux: >> Linux Kernel >> 5.10.247 Security Vulnerabilities
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
xfrm: Reinject transport-mode packets through workqueue
The following warning is displayed when the tcp6-multi-diffip11 stress
test case of the LTP test suite is tested:
watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 22s! [ns-tcpserver:48198]
CPU: 0 PID: 48198 Comm: ns-tcpserver Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.0.0-rc6+ #39
Hardware name: QEMU KVM Virtual Machine, BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015
pstate: 80400005 (Nzcv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
pc : des3_ede_encrypt+0x27c/0x460 [libdes]
lr : 0x3f
sp : ffff80000ceaa1b0
x29: ffff80000ceaa1b0 x28: ffff0000df056100 x27: ffff0000e51e5280
x26: ffff80004df75030 x25: ffff0000e51e4600 x24: 000000000000003b
x23: 0000000000802080 x22: 000000000000003d x21: 0000000000000038
x20: 0000000080000020 x19: 000000000000000a x18: 0000000000000033
x17: ffff0000e51e4780 x16: ffff80004e2d1448 x15: ffff80004e2d1248
x14: ffff0000e51e4680 x13: ffff80004e2d1348 x12: ffff80004e2d1548
x11: ffff80004e2d1848 x10: ffff80004e2d1648 x9 : ffff80004e2d1748
x8 : ffff80004e2d1948 x7 : 000000000bcaf83d x6 : 000000000000001b
x5 : ffff80004e2d1048 x4 : 00000000761bf3bf x3 : 000000007f1dd0a3
x2 : ffff0000e51e4780 x1 : ffff0000e3b9a2f8 x0 : 00000000db44e872
Call trace:
des3_ede_encrypt+0x27c/0x460 [libdes]
crypto_des3_ede_encrypt+0x1c/0x30 [des_generic]
crypto_cbc_encrypt+0x148/0x190
crypto_skcipher_encrypt+0x2c/0x40
crypto_authenc_encrypt+0xc8/0xfc [authenc]
crypto_aead_encrypt+0x2c/0x40
echainiv_encrypt+0x144/0x1a0 [echainiv]
crypto_aead_encrypt+0x2c/0x40
esp6_output_tail+0x1c8/0x5d0 [esp6]
esp6_output+0x120/0x278 [esp6]
xfrm_output_one+0x458/0x4ec
xfrm_output_resume+0x6c/0x1f0
xfrm_output+0xac/0x4ac
__xfrm6_output+0x130/0x270
xfrm6_output+0x60/0xec
ip6_xmit+0x2ec/0x5bc
inet6_csk_xmit+0xbc/0x10c
__tcp_transmit_skb+0x460/0x8c0
tcp_write_xmit+0x348/0x890
__tcp_push_pending_frames+0x44/0x110
tcp_rcv_established+0x3c8/0x720
tcp_v6_do_rcv+0xdc/0x4a0
tcp_v6_rcv+0xc24/0xcb0
ip6_protocol_deliver_rcu+0xf0/0x574
ip6_input_finish+0x48/0x7c
ip6_input+0x48/0xc0
ip6_rcv_finish+0x80/0x9c
xfrm_trans_reinject+0xb0/0xf4
tasklet_action_common.constprop.0+0xf8/0x134
tasklet_action+0x30/0x3c
__do_softirq+0x128/0x368
do_softirq+0xb4/0xc0
__local_bh_enable_ip+0xb0/0xb4
put_cpu_fpsimd_context+0x40/0x70
kernel_neon_end+0x20/0x40
sha1_base_do_update.constprop.0.isra.0+0x11c/0x140 [sha1_ce]
sha1_ce_finup+0x94/0x110 [sha1_ce]
crypto_shash_finup+0x34/0xc0
hmac_finup+0x48/0xe0
crypto_shash_finup+0x34/0xc0
shash_digest_unaligned+0x74/0x90
crypto_shash_digest+0x4c/0x9c
shash_ahash_digest+0xc8/0xf0
shash_async_digest+0x28/0x34
crypto_ahash_digest+0x48/0xcc
crypto_authenc_genicv+0x88/0xcc [authenc]
crypto_authenc_encrypt+0xd8/0xfc [authenc]
crypto_aead_encrypt+0x2c/0x40
echainiv_encrypt+0x144/0x1a0 [echainiv]
crypto_aead_encrypt+0x2c/0x40
esp6_output_tail+0x1c8/0x5d0 [esp6]
esp6_output+0x120/0x278 [esp6]
xfrm_output_one+0x458/0x4ec
xfrm_output_resume+0x6c/0x1f0
xfrm_output+0xac/0x4ac
__xfrm6_output+0x130/0x270
xfrm6_output+0x60/0xec
ip6_xmit+0x2ec/0x5bc
inet6_csk_xmit+0xbc/0x10c
__tcp_transmit_skb+0x460/0x8c0
tcp_write_xmit+0x348/0x890
__tcp_push_pending_frames+0x44/0x110
tcp_push+0xb4/0x14c
tcp_sendmsg_locked+0x71c/0xb64
tcp_sendmsg+0x40/0x6c
inet6_sendmsg+0x4c/0x80
sock_sendmsg+0x5c/0x6c
__sys_sendto+0x128/0x15c
__arm64_sys_sendto+0x30/0x40
invoke_syscall+0x50/0x120
el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x170/0x194
do_el0_svc+0x38/0x4c
el0_svc+0x28/0xe0
el0t_64_sync_handler+0xbc/0x13c
el0t_64_sync+0x180/0x184
Get softirq info by bcc tool:
./softirqs -NT 10
Tracing soft irq event time... Hit Ctrl-C to end.
15:34:34
SOFTIRQ TOTAL_nsecs
block 158990
timer 20030920
sched 46577080
net_rx 676746820
tasklet 9906067650
15:34:45
SOFTIRQ TOTAL_nsecs
block 86100
sched 38849790
net_rx
---truncated---
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-10-01
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ext4: fix off-by-one errors in fast-commit block filling
Due to several different off-by-one errors, or perhaps due to a late
change in design that wasn't fully reflected in the code that was
actually merged, there are several very strange constraints on how
fast-commit blocks are filled with tlv entries:
- tlvs must start at least 10 bytes before the end of the block, even
though the minimum tlv length is 8. Otherwise, the replay code will
ignore them. (BUG: ext4_fc_reserve_space() could violate this
requirement if called with a len of blocksize - 9 or blocksize - 8.
Fortunately, this doesn't seem to happen currently.)
- tlvs must end at least 1 byte before the end of the block. Otherwise
the replay code will consider them to be invalid. This quirk
contributed to a bug (fixed by an earlier commit) where uninitialized
memory was being leaked to disk in the last byte of blocks.
Also, strangely these constraints don't apply to the replay code in
e2fsprogs, which will accept any tlvs in the blocks (with no bounds
checks at all, but that is a separate issue...).
Given that this all seems to be a bug, let's fix it by just filling
blocks with tlv entries in the natural way.
Note that old kernels will be unable to replay fast-commit journals
created by kernels that have this commit.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-10-01
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
crypto: hisilicon/hpre - fix resource leak in remove process
In hpre_remove(), when the disable operation of qm sriov failed,
the following logic should continue to be executed to release the
remaining resources that have been allocated, instead of returning
directly, otherwise there will be resource leakage.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-10-01
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ceph: fix race condition validating r_parent before applying state
Add validation to ensure the cached parent directory inode matches the
directory info in MDS replies. This prevents client-side race conditions
where concurrent operations (e.g. rename) cause r_parent to become stale
between request initiation and reply processing, which could lead to
applying state changes to incorrect directory inodes.
[ idryomov: folded a kerneldoc fixup and a follow-up fix from Alex to
move CEPH_CAP_PIN reference when r_parent is updated:
When the parent directory lock is not held, req->r_parent can become
stale and is updated to point to the correct inode. However, the
associated CEPH_CAP_PIN reference was not being adjusted. The
CEPH_CAP_PIN is a reference on an inode that is tracked for
accounting purposes. Moving this pin is important to keep the
accounting balanced. When the pin was not moved from the old parent
to the new one, it created two problems: The reference on the old,
stale parent was never released, causing a reference leak.
A reference for the new parent was never acquired, creating the risk
of a reference underflow later in ceph_mdsc_release_request(). This
patch corrects the logic by releasing the pin from the old parent and
acquiring it for the new parent when r_parent is switched. This
ensures reference accounting stays balanced. ]
CVSS Score
4.7
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-10-01
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
can: j1939: implement NETDEV_UNREGISTER notification handler
syzbot is reporting
unregister_netdevice: waiting for vcan0 to become free. Usage count = 2
problem, for j1939 protocol did not have NETDEV_UNREGISTER notification
handler for undoing changes made by j1939_sk_bind().
Commit 25fe97cb7620 ("can: j1939: move j1939_priv_put() into sk_destruct
callback") expects that a call to j1939_priv_put() can be unconditionally
delayed until j1939_sk_sock_destruct() is called. But we need to call
j1939_priv_put() against an extra ref held by j1939_sk_bind() call
(as a part of undoing changes made by j1939_sk_bind()) as soon as
NETDEV_UNREGISTER notification fires (i.e. before j1939_sk_sock_destruct()
is called via j1939_sk_release()). Otherwise, the extra ref on "struct
j1939_priv" held by j1939_sk_bind() call prevents "struct net_device" from
dropping the usage count to 1; making it impossible for
unregister_netdevice() to continue.
[mkl: remove space in front of label]
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-10-01
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: phylink: add lock for serializing concurrent pl->phydev writes with resolver
Currently phylink_resolve() protects itself against concurrent
phylink_bringup_phy() or phylink_disconnect_phy() calls which modify
pl->phydev by relying on pl->state_mutex.
The problem is that in phylink_resolve(), pl->state_mutex is in a lock
inversion state with pl->phydev->lock. So pl->phydev->lock needs to be
acquired prior to pl->state_mutex. But that requires dereferencing
pl->phydev in the first place, and without pl->state_mutex, that is
racy.
Hence the reason for the extra lock. Currently it is redundant, but it
will serve a functional purpose once mutex_lock(&phy->lock) will be
moved outside of the mutex_lock(&pl->state_mutex) section.
Another alternative considered would have been to let phylink_resolve()
acquire the rtnl_mutex, which is also held when phylink_bringup_phy()
and phylink_disconnect_phy() are called. But since phylink_disconnect_phy()
runs under rtnl_lock(), it would deadlock with phylink_resolve() when
calling flush_work(&pl->resolve). Additionally, it would have been
undesirable because it would have unnecessarily blocked many other call
paths as well in the entire kernel, so the smaller-scoped lock was
preferred.
CVSS Score
7.0
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-10-01
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
i40e: remove read access to debugfs files
The 'command' and 'netdev_ops' debugfs files are a legacy debugging
interface supported by the i40e driver since its early days by commit
02e9c290814c ("i40e: debugfs interface").
Both of these debugfs files provide a read handler which is mostly useless,
and which is implemented with questionable logic. They both use a static
256 byte buffer which is initialized to the empty string. In the case of
the 'command' file this buffer is literally never used and simply wastes
space. In the case of the 'netdev_ops' file, the last command written is
saved here.
On read, the files contents are presented as the name of the device
followed by a colon and then the contents of their respective static
buffer. For 'command' this will always be "<device>: ". For 'netdev_ops',
this will be "<device>: <last command written>". But note the buffer is
shared between all devices operated by this module. At best, it is mostly
meaningless information, and at worse it could be accessed simultaneously
as there doesn't appear to be any locking mechanism.
We have also recently received multiple reports for both read functions
about their use of snprintf and potential overflow that could result in
reading arbitrary kernel memory. For the 'command' file, this is definitely
impossible, since the static buffer is always zero and never written to.
For the 'netdev_ops' file, it does appear to be possible, if the user
carefully crafts the command input, it will be copied into the buffer,
which could be large enough to cause snprintf to truncate, which then
causes the copy_to_user to read beyond the length of the buffer allocated
by kzalloc.
A minimal fix would be to replace snprintf() with scnprintf() which would
cap the return to the number of bytes written, preventing an overflow. A
more involved fix would be to drop the mostly useless static buffers,
saving 512 bytes and modifying the read functions to stop needing those as
input.
Instead, lets just completely drop the read access to these files. These
are debug interfaces exposed as part of debugfs, and I don't believe that
dropping read access will break any script, as the provided output is
pretty useless. You can find the netdev name through other more standard
interfaces, and the 'netdev_ops' interface can easily result in garbage if
you issue simultaneous writes to multiple devices at once.
In order to properly remove the i40e_dbg_netdev_ops_buf, we need to
refactor its write function to avoid using the static buffer. Instead, use
the same logic as the i40e_dbg_command_write, with an allocated buffer.
Update the code to use this instead of the static buffer, and ensure we
free the buffer on exit. This fixes simultaneous writes to 'netdev_ops' on
multiple devices, and allows us to remove the now unused static buffer
along with removing the read access.
CVSS Score
7.1
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-10-01
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
Bluetooth: hci_core: Disable works on hci_unregister_dev
This make use of disable_work_* on hci_unregister_dev since the hci_dev is
about to be freed new submissions are not disarable.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-24
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
can: xilinx_can: xcan_write_frame(): fix use-after-free of transmitted SKB
can_put_echo_skb() takes ownership of the SKB and it may be freed
during or after the call.
However, xilinx_can xcan_write_frame() keeps using SKB after the call.
Fix that by only calling can_put_echo_skb() after the code is done
touching the SKB.
The tx_lock is held for the entire xcan_write_frame() execution and
also on the can_get_echo_skb() side so the order of operations does not
matter.
An earlier fix commit 3d3c817c3a40 ("can: xilinx_can: Fix usage of skb
memory") did not move the can_put_echo_skb() call far enough.
[mkl: add "commit" in front of sha1 in patch description]
[mkl: fix indention]
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-23
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: brcmfmac: fix use-after-free when rescheduling brcmf_btcoex_info work
The brcmf_btcoex_detach() only shuts down the btcoex timer, if the
flag timer_on is false. However, the brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc(), which
runs as timer handler, sets timer_on to false. This creates critical
race conditions:
1.If brcmf_btcoex_detach() is called while brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc()
is executing, it may observe timer_on as false and skip the call to
timer_shutdown_sync().
2.The brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc() may then reschedule the brcmf_btcoex_info
worker after the cancel_work_sync() has been executed, resulting in
use-after-free bugs.
The use-after-free bugs occur in two distinct scenarios, depending on
the timing of when the brcmf_btcoex_info struct is freed relative to
the execution of its worker thread.
Scenario 1: Freed before the worker is scheduled
The brcmf_btcoex_info is deallocated before the worker is scheduled.
A race condition can occur when schedule_work(&bt_local->work) is
called after the target memory has been freed. The sequence of events
is detailed below:
CPU0 | CPU1
brcmf_btcoex_detach | brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc
| bt_local->timer_on = false;
if (cfg->btcoex->timer_on) |
... |
cancel_work_sync(); |
... |
kfree(cfg->btcoex); // FREE |
| schedule_work(&bt_local->work); // USE
Scenario 2: Freed after the worker is scheduled
The brcmf_btcoex_info is freed after the worker has been scheduled
but before or during its execution. In this case, statements within
the brcmf_btcoex_handler() — such as the container_of macro and
subsequent dereferences of the brcmf_btcoex_info object will cause
a use-after-free access. The following timeline illustrates this
scenario:
CPU0 | CPU1
brcmf_btcoex_detach | brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc
| bt_local->timer_on = false;
if (cfg->btcoex->timer_on) |
... |
cancel_work_sync(); |
... | schedule_work(); // Reschedule
|
kfree(cfg->btcoex); // FREE | brcmf_btcoex_handler() // Worker
/* | btci = container_of(....); // USE
The kfree() above could | ...
also occur at any point | btci-> // USE
during the worker's execution|
*/ |
To resolve the race conditions, drop the conditional check and call
timer_shutdown_sync() directly. It can deactivate the timer reliably,
regardless of its current state. Once stopped, the timer_on state is
then set to false.
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-19