Security Vulnerabilities
Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. In versions 6.5.2 and below, the supplied reason phrase is used unescaped in HTTP headers (where it could be used for header injection) or in HTML in the default error page (where it could be used for XSS) and can be exploited by passing untrusted or malicious data into the reason argument. Used by both RequestHandler.set_status and tornado.web.HTTPError, the argument is designed to allow applications to pass custom "reason" phrases (the "Not Found" in HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found) to the HTTP status line (mainly for non-standard status codes). This issue is fixed in version 6.5.3.
CVSS Score
5.4
EPSS Score
0.001
Published
2025-12-12
Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. In versions 6.5.2 and below, a single maliciously crafted HTTP request can block the server's event loop for an extended period, caused by the HTTPHeaders.add method. The function accumulates values using string concatenation when the same header name is repeated, causing a Denial of Service (DoS). Due to Python string immutability, each concatenation copies the entire string, resulting in O(n²) time complexity. The severity can vary from high if max_header_size has been increased from its default, to low if it has its default value of 64KB. This issue is fixed in version 6.5.3.
CVSS Score
7.5
EPSS Score
0.003
Published
2025-12-12
Reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability exists in GroupSession Free edition prior to ver5.7.1, GroupSession byCloud prior to ver5.7.1, and GroupSession ZION prior to ver5.7.1. If a user accesses a crafted page or URL, an arbitrary script may be executed on the web browser of the user.
CVSS Score
6.1
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-12-12
Stored cross-site scripting vulnerabilities exist in GroupSession Free edition prior to ver5.7.1, GroupSession byCloud prior to ver5.7.1, and GroupSession ZION prior to ver5.7.1. A logged-in user can prepare a malicious page or URL, and an arbitrary script may be executed on the web browser when another user accesses it.
CVSS Score
5.4
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-12-12
Masa CMS is an open source Enterprise Content Management platform. Versions 7.2.8 and below, 7.3.1 through 7.3.13, 7.4.0-alpha.1 through 7.4.8 and 7.5.0 through 7.5.1 are vulnerable to XSS when an unsanitized value of the ajax URL query parameter is directly included within the <head> section of the HTML page. An attacker can execute arbitrary scripts in the context of the user's session, potentially leading to Session Hijacking, Data Theft, Defacement and Malware Distribution. This issue is fixed in versions 7.5.2, 7.4.9, 7.3.14, and 7.2.9. To work around this issue, configure a Web Application Firewall (WAF) rule (e.g., ModSecurity) to block requests containing common XSS payload characters in the ajax query parameter. Alternatively, implement server-side sanitization using middleware to strip or escape dangerous characters from the ajax parameter before it reaches the vulnerable rendering logic.
CVSS Score
8.2
EPSS Score
0.001
Published
2025-12-12
In GroupSession Free edition prior to ver5.7.1, GroupSession byCloud prior to ver5.7.1, and GroupSession ZION prior to ver5.7.1, "External page display restriction" is set to "Do not limit" in the initial configuration. With this configuration, the user may be redirected to an arbitrary website when accessing a specially crafted URL.
CVSS Score
4.7
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-12-12
SQL Injection vulnerability exists in GroupSession Free edition prior to ver5.3.0, GroupSession byCloud prior to ver5.3.3, and GroupSession ZION prior to ver5.3.2. If exploited, information stored in the database may be obtained or altered by an authenticated user.
CVSS Score
5.4
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-12-12
Stored cross-site scripting vulnerability exists in GroupSession Free edition prior to ver5.3.0, GroupSession byCloud prior to ver5.3.3, and GroupSession ZION prior to ver5.3.2. If a user accesses a crafted page or URL, an arbitrary script may be executed on the web browser of the user.
CVSS Score
6.1
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-12-12
Reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability exists in GroupSession Free edition prior to ver5.3.0, GroupSession byCloud prior to ver5.3.3, and GroupSession ZION prior to ver5.3.2. If a user accesses a crafted page or URL, an arbitrary script may be executed on the web browser of the user.
CVSS Score
6.1
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-12-12
Cross-site request forgery vulnerability exists in GroupSession Free edition prior to ver5.3.0, GroupSession byCloud prior to ver5.3.3, and GroupSession ZION prior to ver5.3.2. If a user accesses a malicious page while logged in, unintended operations may be performed.
CVSS Score
4.3
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-12-12