Linux: >> Linux Kernel >> 4.19.48 Security Vulnerabilities
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
apparmor: fix race between freeing data and fs accessing it
AppArmor was putting the reference to i_private data on its end after
removing the original entry from the file system. However the inode
can aand does live beyond that point and it is possible that some of
the fs call back functions will be invoked after the reference has
been put, which results in a race between freeing the data and
accessing it through the fs.
While the rawdata/loaddata is the most likely candidate to fail the
race, as it has the fewest references. If properly crafted it might be
possible to trigger a race for the other types stored in i_private.
Fix this by moving the put of i_private referenced data to the correct
place which is during inode eviction.
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2026-04-01
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
apparmor: fix: limit the number of levels of policy namespaces
Currently the number of policy namespaces is not bounded relying on
the user namespace limit. However policy namespaces aren't strictly
tied to user namespaces and it is possible to create them and nest
them arbitrarily deep which can be used to exhaust system resource.
Hard cap policy namespaces to the same depth as user namespaces.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2026-04-01
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
apparmor: fix side-effect bug in match_char() macro usage
The match_char() macro evaluates its character parameter multiple
times when traversing differential encoding chains. When invoked
with *str++, the string pointer advances on each iteration of the
inner do-while loop, causing the DFA to check different characters
at each iteration and therefore skip input characters.
This results in out-of-bounds reads when the pointer advances past
the input buffer boundary.
[ 94.984676] ==================================================================
[ 94.985301] BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in aa_dfa_match+0x5ae/0x760
[ 94.985655] Read of size 1 at addr ffff888100342000 by task file/976
[ 94.986319] CPU: 7 UID: 1000 PID: 976 Comm: file Not tainted 6.19.0-rc7-next-20260127 #1 PREEMPT(lazy)
[ 94.986322] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014
[ 94.986329] Call Trace:
[ 94.986341] <TASK>
[ 94.986347] dump_stack_lvl+0x5e/0x80
[ 94.986374] print_report+0xc8/0x270
[ 94.986384] ? aa_dfa_match+0x5ae/0x760
[ 94.986388] kasan_report+0x118/0x150
[ 94.986401] ? aa_dfa_match+0x5ae/0x760
[ 94.986405] aa_dfa_match+0x5ae/0x760
[ 94.986408] __aa_path_perm+0x131/0x400
[ 94.986418] aa_path_perm+0x219/0x2f0
[ 94.986424] apparmor_file_open+0x345/0x570
[ 94.986431] security_file_open+0x5c/0x140
[ 94.986442] do_dentry_open+0x2f6/0x1120
[ 94.986450] vfs_open+0x38/0x2b0
[ 94.986453] ? may_open+0x1e2/0x2b0
[ 94.986466] path_openat+0x231b/0x2b30
[ 94.986469] ? __x64_sys_openat+0xf8/0x130
[ 94.986477] do_file_open+0x19d/0x360
[ 94.986487] do_sys_openat2+0x98/0x100
[ 94.986491] __x64_sys_openat+0xf8/0x130
[ 94.986499] do_syscall_64+0x8e/0x660
[ 94.986515] ? count_memcg_events+0x15f/0x3c0
[ 94.986526] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5
[ 94.986540] ? handle_mm_fault+0x1639/0x1ef0
[ 94.986551] ? vma_start_read+0xf0/0x320
[ 94.986558] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5
[ 94.986561] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5
[ 94.986563] ? fpregs_assert_state_consistent+0x50/0xe0
[ 94.986572] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5
[ 94.986574] ? arch_exit_to_user_mode_prepare+0x9/0xb0
[ 94.986587] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5
[ 94.986588] ? irqentry_exit+0x3c/0x590
[ 94.986595] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e
[ 94.986597] RIP: 0033:0x7fda4a79c3ea
Fix by extracting the character value before invoking match_char,
ensuring single evaluation per outer loop.
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2026-04-01
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
apparmor: fix missing bounds check on DEFAULT table in verify_dfa()
The verify_dfa() function only checks DEFAULT_TABLE bounds when the state
is not differentially encoded.
When the verification loop traverses the differential encoding chain,
it reads k = DEFAULT_TABLE[j] and uses k as an array index without
validation. A malformed DFA with DEFAULT_TABLE[j] >= state_count,
therefore, causes both out-of-bounds reads and writes.
[ 57.179855] ==================================================================
[ 57.180549] BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in verify_dfa+0x59a/0x660
[ 57.180904] Read of size 4 at addr ffff888100eadec4 by task su/993
[ 57.181554] CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 993 Comm: su Not tainted 6.19.0-rc7-next-20260127 #1 PREEMPT(lazy)
[ 57.181558] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014
[ 57.181563] Call Trace:
[ 57.181572] <TASK>
[ 57.181577] dump_stack_lvl+0x5e/0x80
[ 57.181596] print_report+0xc8/0x270
[ 57.181605] ? verify_dfa+0x59a/0x660
[ 57.181608] kasan_report+0x118/0x150
[ 57.181620] ? verify_dfa+0x59a/0x660
[ 57.181623] verify_dfa+0x59a/0x660
[ 57.181627] aa_dfa_unpack+0x1610/0x1740
[ 57.181629] ? __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x1d0/0x470
[ 57.181640] unpack_pdb+0x86d/0x46b0
[ 57.181647] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5
[ 57.181653] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5
[ 57.181656] ? aa_unpack_nameX+0x1a8/0x300
[ 57.181659] aa_unpack+0x20b0/0x4c30
[ 57.181662] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5
[ 57.181664] ? stack_depot_save_flags+0x33/0x700
[ 57.181681] ? kasan_save_track+0x4f/0x80
[ 57.181683] ? kasan_save_track+0x3e/0x80
[ 57.181686] ? __kasan_kmalloc+0x93/0xb0
[ 57.181688] ? __kvmalloc_node_noprof+0x44a/0x780
[ 57.181693] ? aa_simple_write_to_buffer+0x54/0x130
[ 57.181697] ? policy_update+0x154/0x330
[ 57.181704] aa_replace_profiles+0x15a/0x1dd0
[ 57.181707] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5
[ 57.181710] ? __kvmalloc_node_noprof+0x44a/0x780
[ 57.181712] ? aa_loaddata_alloc+0x77/0x140
[ 57.181715] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5
[ 57.181717] ? _copy_from_user+0x2a/0x70
[ 57.181730] policy_update+0x17a/0x330
[ 57.181733] profile_replace+0x153/0x1a0
[ 57.181735] ? rw_verify_area+0x93/0x2d0
[ 57.181740] vfs_write+0x235/0xab0
[ 57.181745] ksys_write+0xb0/0x170
[ 57.181748] do_syscall_64+0x8e/0x660
[ 57.181762] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e
[ 57.181765] RIP: 0033:0x7f6192792eb2
Remove the MATCH_FLAG_DIFF_ENCODE condition to validate all DEFAULT_TABLE
entries unconditionally.
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2026-04-01
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
apparmor: fix differential encoding verification
Differential encoding allows loops to be created if it is abused. To
prevent this the unpack should verify that a diff-encode chain
terminates.
Unfortunately the differential encode verification had two bugs.
1. it conflated states that had gone through check and already been
marked, with states that were currently being checked and marked.
This means that loops in the current chain being verified are treated
as a chain that has already been verified.
2. the order bailout on already checked states compared current chain
check iterators j,k instead of using the outer loop iterator i.
Meaning a step backwards in states in the current chain verification
was being mistaken for moving to an already verified state.
Move to a double mark scheme where already verified states get a
different mark, than the current chain being kept. This enables us
to also drop the backwards verification check that was the cause of
the second error as any already verified state is already marked.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2026-04-01
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
apparmor: fix memory leak in verify_header
The function sets `*ns = NULL` on every call, leaking the namespace
string allocated in previous iterations when multiple profiles are
unpacked. This also breaks namespace consistency checking since *ns
is always NULL when the comparison is made.
Remove the incorrect assignment.
The caller (aa_unpack) initializes *ns to NULL once before the loop,
which is sufficient.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2026-04-01
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
apparmor: replace recursive profile removal with iterative approach
The profile removal code uses recursion when removing nested profiles,
which can lead to kernel stack exhaustion and system crashes.
Reproducer:
$ pf='a'; for ((i=0; i<1024; i++)); do
echo -e "profile $pf { \n }" | apparmor_parser -K -a;
pf="$pf//x";
done
$ echo -n a > /sys/kernel/security/apparmor/.remove
Replace the recursive __aa_profile_list_release() approach with an
iterative approach in __remove_profile(). The function repeatedly
finds and removes leaf profiles until the entire subtree is removed,
maintaining the same removal semantic without recursion.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2026-04-01
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
nfnetlink_osf: validate individual option lengths in fingerprints
nfnl_osf_add_callback() validates opt_num bounds and string
NUL-termination but does not check individual option length fields.
A zero-length option causes nf_osf_match_one() to enter the option
matching loop even when foptsize sums to zero, which matches packets
with no TCP options where ctx->optp is NULL:
Oops: general protection fault
KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000007]
RIP: 0010:nf_osf_match_one (net/netfilter/nfnetlink_osf.c:98)
Call Trace:
nf_osf_match (net/netfilter/nfnetlink_osf.c:227)
xt_osf_match_packet (net/netfilter/xt_osf.c:32)
ipt_do_table (net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.c:293)
nf_hook_slow (net/netfilter/core.c:623)
ip_local_deliver (net/ipv4/ip_input.c:262)
ip_rcv (net/ipv4/ip_input.c:573)
Additionally, an MSS option (kind=2) with length < 4 causes
out-of-bounds reads when nf_osf_match_one() unconditionally accesses
optp[2] and optp[3] for MSS value extraction. While RFC 9293
section 3.2 specifies that the MSS option is always exactly 4
bytes (Kind=2, Length=4), the check uses "< 4" rather than
"!= 4" because lengths greater than 4 do not cause memory
safety issues -- the buffer is guaranteed to be at least
foptsize bytes by the ctx->optsize == foptsize check.
Reject fingerprints where any option has zero length, or where an MSS
option has length less than 4, at add time rather than trusting these
values in the packet matching hot path.
CVSS Score
7.1
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2026-03-26
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
icmp: fix NULL pointer dereference in icmp_tag_validation()
icmp_tag_validation() unconditionally dereferences the result of
rcu_dereference(inet_protos[proto]) without checking for NULL.
The inet_protos[] array is sparse -- only about 15 of 256 protocol
numbers have registered handlers. When ip_no_pmtu_disc is set to 3
(hardened PMTU mode) and the kernel receives an ICMP Fragmentation
Needed error with a quoted inner IP header containing an unregistered
protocol number, the NULL dereference causes a kernel panic in
softirq context.
Oops: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdffffc0000000002: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN NOPTI
KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000010-0x0000000000000017]
RIP: 0010:icmp_unreach (net/ipv4/icmp.c:1085 net/ipv4/icmp.c:1143)
Call Trace:
<IRQ>
icmp_rcv (net/ipv4/icmp.c:1527)
ip_protocol_deliver_rcu (net/ipv4/ip_input.c:207)
ip_local_deliver_finish (net/ipv4/ip_input.c:242)
ip_local_deliver (net/ipv4/ip_input.c:262)
ip_rcv (net/ipv4/ip_input.c:573)
__netif_receive_skb_one_core (net/core/dev.c:6164)
process_backlog (net/core/dev.c:6628)
handle_softirqs (kernel/softirq.c:561)
</IRQ>
Add a NULL check before accessing icmp_strict_tag_validation. If the
protocol has no registered handler, return false since it cannot
perform strict tag validation.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2026-03-26
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: mac80211: fix NULL deref in mesh_matches_local()
mesh_matches_local() unconditionally dereferences ie->mesh_config to
compare mesh configuration parameters. When called from
mesh_rx_csa_frame(), the parsed action-frame elements may not contain a
Mesh Configuration IE, leaving ie->mesh_config NULL and triggering a
kernel NULL pointer dereference.
The other two callers are already safe:
- ieee80211_mesh_rx_bcn_presp() checks !elems->mesh_config before
calling mesh_matches_local()
- mesh_plink_get_event() is only reached through
mesh_process_plink_frame(), which checks !elems->mesh_config, too
mesh_rx_csa_frame() is the only caller that passes raw parsed elements
to mesh_matches_local() without guarding mesh_config. An adjacent
attacker can exploit this by sending a crafted CSA action frame that
includes a valid Mesh ID IE but omits the Mesh Configuration IE,
crashing the kernel.
The captured crash log:
Oops: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address ...
KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000007]
Workqueue: events_unbound cfg80211_wiphy_work
[...]
Call Trace:
<TASK>
? __pfx_mesh_matches_local (net/mac80211/mesh.c:65)
ieee80211_mesh_rx_queued_mgmt (net/mac80211/mesh.c:1686)
[...]
ieee80211_iface_work (net/mac80211/iface.c:1754 net/mac80211/iface.c:1802)
[...]
cfg80211_wiphy_work (net/wireless/core.c:426)
process_one_work (net/kernel/workqueue.c:3280)
? assign_work (net/kernel/workqueue.c:1219)
worker_thread (net/kernel/workqueue.c:3352)
? __pfx_worker_thread (net/kernel/workqueue.c:3385)
kthread (net/kernel/kthread.c:436)
[...]
ret_from_fork_asm (net/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:255)
</TASK>
This patch adds a NULL check for ie->mesh_config at the top of
mesh_matches_local() to return false early when the Mesh Configuration
IE is absent.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2026-03-26