FreeBSD 5.1 and earlier, and Mac OS X before 10.3.4, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (resource exhaustion of memory buffers and system crash) via a large number of out-of-sequence TCP packets, which prevents the operating system from creating new connections.
The TCP MSS (maximum segment size) functionality in netinet allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (resource exhaustion) via (1) a low MTU, which causes a large number of small packets to be produced, or (2) via a large number of packets with a small TCP payload, which cause a large number of calls to the resource-intensive sowakeup function.
mksnap_ffs in FreeBSD 5.1 and 5.2 only sets the snapshot flag when creating a snapshot for a file system, which causes default values for other flags to be used, possibly disabling security-critical settings and allowing a local user to bypass intended access restrictions.
The shmat system call in the System V Shared Memory interface for FreeBSD 5.2 and earlier, NetBSD 1.3 and earlier, and OpenBSD 2.6 and earlier, does not properly decrement a shared memory segment's reference count when the vm_map_find function fails, which could allow local users to gain read or write access to a portion of kernel memory and gain privileges.
The implementation of SYN cookies (syncookies) in FreeBSD 4.5 through 5.0-RELEASE-p3 uses only 32-bit internal keys when generating syncookies, which makes it easier for remote attackers to conduct brute force ISN guessing attacks and spoof legitimate traffic.
Integer overflow in the f_count counter in FreeBSD before 4.2 through 5.0 allows local users to cause a denial of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via multiple calls to (1) fpathconf and (2) lseek, which do not properly decrement f_count through a call to fdrop.
The iBCS2 system call translator for statfs in NetBSD 1.5 through 1.5.3 and FreeBSD 4 up to 4.8-RELEASE-p2 and 5 up to 5.1-RELEASE-p1 allows local users to read portions of kernel memory (memory disclosure) via a large length parameter, which copies additional kernel memory into userland memory.
slashem-tty in the FreeBSD Ports Collection is installed with write permissions for the games group, which allows local users with group games privileges to modify slashem-tty and execute arbitrary code as other users, as demonstrated using a separate vulnerability in LTris.
ISC BIND 8.3.x before 8.3.7, and 8.4.x before 8.4.3, allows remote attackers to poison the cache via a malicious name server that returns negative responses with a large TTL (time-to-live) value.
The arplookup function in FreeBSD 5.1 and earlier, Mac OS X before 10.2.8, and possibly other BSD-based systems, allows remote attackers on a local subnet to cause a denial of service (resource starvation and panic) via a flood of spoofed ARP requests.