The TLS protocol 1.2 and earlier, as used in Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Qt, and other products, can encrypt compressed data without properly obfuscating the length of the unencrypted data, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to obtain plaintext HTTP headers by observing length differences during a series of guesses in which a string in an HTTP request potentially matches an unknown string in an HTTP header, aka a "CRIME" attack.
The Debian php_crypt_revamped.patch patch for PHP 5.3.x, as used in the php5 package before 5.3.3-7+squeeze4 in Debian GNU/Linux squeeze, the php5 package before 5.3.2-1ubuntu4.17 in Ubuntu 10.04 LTS, and the php5 package before 5.3.5-1ubuntu7.10 in Ubuntu 11.04, does not properly handle an empty salt string, which might allow remote attackers to bypass authentication by leveraging an application that relies on the PHP crypt function to choose a salt for password hashing.
The default configuration of the shell_escape_commands directive in conf/texmf.d/95NonPath.cnf in the tex-common package before 2.08.1 in Debian GNU/Linux squeeze, Ubuntu 10.10 and 10.04 LTS, and possibly other operating systems lists certain programs, which might allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted TeX document.
PyGIT.py in the Trac Git plugin (trac-git) before 0.0.20080710-3+lenny1 and before 0.0.20090320-1 on Debian GNU/Linux, when enabled in Trac, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in a crafted HTTP query that is used to generate a certain git command.
The TLS protocol, and the SSL protocol 3.0 and possibly earlier, as used in Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) 7.0, mod_ssl in the Apache HTTP Server 2.2.14 and earlier, OpenSSL before 0.9.8l, GnuTLS 2.8.5 and earlier, Mozilla Network Security Services (NSS) 3.12.4 and earlier, multiple Cisco products, and other products, does not properly associate renegotiation handshakes with an existing connection, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to insert data into HTTPS sessions, and possibly other types of sessions protected by TLS or SSL, by sending an unauthenticated request that is processed retroactively by a server in a post-renegotiation context, related to a "plaintext injection" attack, aka the "Project Mogul" issue.
xvfb-run 1.6.1 in Debian GNU/Linux, Ubuntu, Fedora 10, and possibly other operating systems place the magic cookie (MCOOKIE) on the command line, which allows local users to gain privileges by listing the process and its arguments.
The default configuration of xterm on Debian GNU/Linux sid and possibly Ubuntu enables the allowWindowOps resource, which allows user-assisted attackers to execute arbitrary code or have unspecified other impact via escape sequences.
qemu-make-debian-root in qemu 0.9.1-5 on Debian GNU/Linux allows local users to overwrite arbitrary files via a symlink attack on temporary files and directories.
sshd in OpenSSH 4 on Debian GNU/Linux, and the 20070303 OpenSSH snapshot, allows remote authenticated users to obtain access to arbitrary SELinux roles by appending a :/ (colon slash) sequence, followed by the role name, to the username.