This is an information disclosure vulnerability in Apache Hadoop before 2.6.4 and 2.7.x before 2.7.2 in the short-circuit reads feature of HDFS. A local user on an HDFS DataNode may be able to craft a block token that grants unauthorized read access to random files by guessing certain fields in the token.
HDFS clients interact with a servlet on the DataNode to browse the HDFS namespace. The NameNode is provided as a query parameter that is not validated in Apache Hadoop before 2.7.0.