The zlib_inflate function in Linux kernel 2.6.x allows local users to cause a denial of service (crash) via a malformed filesystem that uses zlib compression that triggers memory corruption, as demonstrated using cramfs.
The copy_from_user function in the uaccess code in Linux kernel 2.6 before 2.6.19-rc1, when running on s390, does not properly clear a kernel buffer, which allows local user space programs to read portions of kernel memory by "appending to a file from a bad address," which triggers a fault that prevents the unused memory from being cleared in the kernel buffer.
The perfmonctl system call (sys_perfmonctl) in Linux kernel 2.4.x and 2.6 before 2.6.18, when running on Itanium systems, does not properly track the reference count for file descriptors, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (file descriptor consumption).
Linux kernel 2.6.17 and earlier, when running on IA64 or SPARC platforms, allows local users to cause a denial of service (crash) via a malformed ELF file that triggers memory maps that cross region boundaries.
Linux kernel 2.6.x, when using both NFS and EXT3, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (file system panic) via a crafted UDP packet with a V2 lookup procedure that specifies a bad file handle (inode number), which triggers an error and causes an exported directory to be remounted read-only.
The snmp_trap_decode function in the SNMP NAT helper for Linux kernel before 2.6.16.18 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via unspecified remote attack vectors that cause failures in snmp_trap_decode that trigger (1) frees of random memory or (2) frees of previously-freed memory (double-free) by snmp_trap_decode as well as its calling function, as demonstrated via certain test cases of the PROTOS SNMP test suite.
The selinux_ptrace logic in hooks.c in SELinux for Linux 2.6.6 allows local users with ptrace permissions to change the tracer SID to an SID of another process.
Directory traversal vulnerability in smbfs in Linux 2.6.16 and earlier allows local users to escape chroot restrictions for an SMB-mounted filesystem via "..\\" sequences, a similar vulnerability to CVE-2006-1863.
The Linux kernel before 2.6.16.9 and the FreeBSD kernel, when running on AMD64 and other 7th and 8th generation AuthenticAMD processors, only save/restore the FOP, FIP, and FDP x87 registers in FXSAVE/FXRSTOR when an exception is pending, which allows one process to determine portions of the state of floating point instructions of other processes, which can be leveraged to obtain sensitive information such as cryptographic keys. NOTE: this is the documented behavior of AMD64 processors, but it is inconsistent with Intel processors in a security-relevant fashion that was not addressed by the kernels.
Linux kernel before 2.6.16.5 does not properly handle uncanonical return addresses on Intel EM64T CPUs, which reports an exception in the SYSRET instead of the next instruction, which causes the kernel exception handler to run on the user stack with the wrong GS.