Linux: >> Linux Kernel >> 6.1.60 Security Vulnerabilities
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
fs/ntfs3: Add length check in indx_get_root
This adds a length check to guarantee the retrieved index root is legit.
[ 162.459513] BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in hdr_find_e.isra.0+0x10c/0x320
[ 162.460176] Read of size 2 at addr ffff8880037bca99 by task mount/243
[ 162.460851]
[ 162.461252] CPU: 0 PID: 243 Comm: mount Not tainted 6.0.0-rc7 #42
[ 162.461744] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.14.0-0-g155821a1990b-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
[ 162.462609] Call Trace:
[ 162.462954] <TASK>
[ 162.463276] dump_stack_lvl+0x49/0x63
[ 162.463822] print_report.cold+0xf5/0x689
[ 162.464608] ? unwind_get_return_address+0x3a/0x60
[ 162.465766] ? hdr_find_e.isra.0+0x10c/0x320
[ 162.466975] kasan_report+0xa7/0x130
[ 162.467506] ? _raw_spin_lock_irq+0xc0/0xf0
[ 162.467998] ? hdr_find_e.isra.0+0x10c/0x320
[ 162.468536] __asan_load2+0x68/0x90
[ 162.468923] hdr_find_e.isra.0+0x10c/0x320
[ 162.469282] ? cmp_uints+0xe0/0xe0
[ 162.469557] ? cmp_sdh+0x90/0x90
[ 162.469864] ? ni_find_attr+0x214/0x300
[ 162.470217] ? ni_load_mi+0x80/0x80
[ 162.470479] ? entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd
[ 162.470931] ? ntfs_bread_run+0x190/0x190
[ 162.471307] ? indx_get_root+0xe4/0x190
[ 162.471556] ? indx_get_root+0x140/0x190
[ 162.471833] ? indx_init+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 162.472069] ? fnd_clear+0x115/0x140
[ 162.472363] ? _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x100/0x100
[ 162.472731] indx_find+0x184/0x470
[ 162.473461] ? sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x57/0xc0
[ 162.474429] ? indx_find_buffer+0x2d0/0x2d0
[ 162.474704] ? do_syscall_64+0x3b/0x90
[ 162.474962] dir_search_u+0x196/0x2f0
[ 162.475381] ? ntfs_nls_to_utf16+0x450/0x450
[ 162.475661] ? ntfs_security_init+0x3d6/0x440
[ 162.475906] ? is_sd_valid+0x180/0x180
[ 162.476191] ntfs_extend_init+0x13f/0x2c0
[ 162.476496] ? ntfs_fix_post_read+0x130/0x130
[ 162.476861] ? iput.part.0+0x286/0x320
[ 162.477325] ntfs_fill_super+0x11e0/0x1b50
[ 162.477709] ? put_ntfs+0x1d0/0x1d0
[ 162.477970] ? vsprintf+0x20/0x20
[ 162.478258] ? set_blocksize+0x95/0x150
[ 162.478538] get_tree_bdev+0x232/0x370
[ 162.478789] ? put_ntfs+0x1d0/0x1d0
[ 162.479038] ntfs_fs_get_tree+0x15/0x20
[ 162.479374] vfs_get_tree+0x4c/0x130
[ 162.479729] path_mount+0x654/0xfe0
[ 162.480124] ? putname+0x80/0xa0
[ 162.480484] ? finish_automount+0x2e0/0x2e0
[ 162.480894] ? putname+0x80/0xa0
[ 162.481467] ? kmem_cache_free+0x1c4/0x440
[ 162.482280] ? putname+0x80/0xa0
[ 162.482714] do_mount+0xd6/0xf0
[ 162.483264] ? path_mount+0xfe0/0xfe0
[ 162.484782] ? __kasan_check_write+0x14/0x20
[ 162.485593] __x64_sys_mount+0xca/0x110
[ 162.486024] do_syscall_64+0x3b/0x90
[ 162.486543] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd
[ 162.487141] RIP: 0033:0x7f9d374e948a
[ 162.488324] Code: 48 8b 0d 11 fa 2a 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48 83 c8 ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 49 89 ca b8 a5 00 00 008
[ 162.489728] RSP: 002b:00007ffe30e73d18 EFLAGS: 00000206 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000a5
[ 162.490971] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000561cdb43a060 RCX: 00007f9d374e948a
[ 162.491669] RDX: 0000561cdb43a260 RSI: 0000561cdb43a2e0 RDI: 0000561cdb442af0
[ 162.492050] RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000561cdb43a280 R09: 0000000000000020
[ 162.492459] R10: 00000000c0ed0000 R11: 0000000000000206 R12: 0000561cdb442af0
[ 162.493183] R13: 0000561cdb43a260 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 00000000ffffffff
[ 162.493644] </TASK>
[ 162.493908]
[ 162.494214] The buggy address belongs to the physical page:
[ 162.494761] page:000000003e38a3d5 refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x37bc
[ 162.496064] flags: 0xfffffc0000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x1fffff)
[ 162.497278] raw: 000fffffc0000000 ffffea00000df1c8 ffffea00000df008 0000000000000000
[ 162.498928] raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000240000 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
[ 162.500542] page dumped becau
---truncated---
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ext4: avoid deadlock in fs reclaim with page writeback
Ext4 has a filesystem wide lock protecting ext4_writepages() calls to
avoid races with switching of journalled data flag or inode format. This
lock can however cause a deadlock like:
CPU0 CPU1
ext4_writepages()
percpu_down_read(sbi->s_writepages_rwsem);
ext4_change_inode_journal_flag()
percpu_down_write(sbi->s_writepages_rwsem);
- blocks, all readers block from now on
ext4_do_writepages()
ext4_init_io_end()
kmem_cache_zalloc(io_end_cachep, GFP_KERNEL)
fs_reclaim frees dentry...
dentry_unlink_inode()
iput() - last ref =>
iput_final() - inode dirty =>
write_inode_now()...
ext4_writepages() tries to acquire sbi->s_writepages_rwsem
and blocks forever
Make sure we cannot recurse into filesystem reclaim from writeback code
to avoid the deadlock.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
md/raid10: prevent soft lockup while flush writes
Currently, there is no limit for raid1/raid10 plugged bio. While flushing
writes, raid1 has cond_resched() while raid10 doesn't, and too many
writes can cause soft lockup.
Follow up soft lockup can be triggered easily with writeback test for
raid10 with ramdisks:
watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#10 stuck for 27s! [md0_raid10:1293]
Call Trace:
<TASK>
call_rcu+0x16/0x20
put_object+0x41/0x80
__delete_object+0x50/0x90
delete_object_full+0x2b/0x40
kmemleak_free+0x46/0xa0
slab_free_freelist_hook.constprop.0+0xed/0x1a0
kmem_cache_free+0xfd/0x300
mempool_free_slab+0x1f/0x30
mempool_free+0x3a/0x100
bio_free+0x59/0x80
bio_put+0xcf/0x2c0
free_r10bio+0xbf/0xf0
raid_end_bio_io+0x78/0xb0
one_write_done+0x8a/0xa0
raid10_end_write_request+0x1b4/0x430
bio_endio+0x175/0x320
brd_submit_bio+0x3b9/0x9b7 [brd]
__submit_bio+0x69/0xe0
submit_bio_noacct_nocheck+0x1e6/0x5a0
submit_bio_noacct+0x38c/0x7e0
flush_pending_writes+0xf0/0x240
raid10d+0xac/0x1ed0
Fix the problem by adding cond_resched() to raid10 like what raid1 did.
Note that unlimited plugged bio still need to be optimized, for example,
in the case of lots of dirty pages writeback, this will take lots of
memory and io will spend a long time in plug, hence io latency is bad.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
btrfs: abort transaction on unexpected eb generation at btrfs_copy_root()
If we find an unexpected generation for the extent buffer we are cloning
at btrfs_copy_root(), we just WARN_ON() and don't error out and abort the
transaction, meaning we allow to persist metadata with an unexpected
generation. Instead of warning only, abort the transaction and return
-EUCLEAN.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
usb: dwc3: Remove WARN_ON for device endpoint command timeouts
This commit addresses a rarely observed endpoint command timeout
which causes kernel panic due to warn when 'panic_on_warn' is enabled
and unnecessary call trace prints when 'panic_on_warn' is disabled.
It is seen during fast software-controlled connect/disconnect testcases.
The following is one such endpoint command timeout that we observed:
1. Connect
=======
->dwc3_thread_interrupt
->dwc3_ep0_interrupt
->configfs_composite_setup
->composite_setup
->usb_ep_queue
->dwc3_gadget_ep0_queue
->__dwc3_gadget_ep0_queue
->__dwc3_ep0_do_control_data
->dwc3_send_gadget_ep_cmd
2. Disconnect
==========
->dwc3_thread_interrupt
->dwc3_gadget_disconnect_interrupt
->dwc3_ep0_reset_state
->dwc3_ep0_end_control_data
->dwc3_send_gadget_ep_cmd
In the issue scenario, in Exynos platforms, we observed that control
transfers for the previous connect have not yet been completed and end
transfer command sent as a part of the disconnect sequence and
processing of USB_ENDPOINT_HALT feature request from the host timeout.
This maybe an expected scenario since the controller is processing EP
commands sent as a part of the previous connect. It maybe better to
remove WARN_ON in all places where device endpoint commands are sent to
avoid unnecessary kernel panic due to warn.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
xfrm: Duplicate SPI Handling
The issue originates when Strongswan initiates an XFRM_MSG_ALLOCSPI
Netlink message, which triggers the kernel function xfrm_alloc_spi().
This function is expected to ensure uniqueness of the Security Parameter
Index (SPI) for inbound Security Associations (SAs). However, it can
return success even when the requested SPI is already in use, leading
to duplicate SPIs assigned to multiple inbound SAs, differentiated
only by their destination addresses.
This behavior causes inconsistencies during SPI lookups for inbound packets.
Since the lookup may return an arbitrary SA among those with the same SPI,
packet processing can fail, resulting in packet drops.
According to RFC 4301 section 4.4.2 , for inbound processing a unicast SA
is uniquely identified by the SPI and optionally protocol.
Reproducing the Issue Reliably:
To consistently reproduce the problem, restrict the available SPI range in
charon.conf : spi_min = 0x10000000 spi_max = 0x10000002
This limits the system to only 2 usable SPI values.
Next, create more than 2 Child SA. each using unique pair of src/dst address.
As soon as the 3rd Child SA is initiated, it will be assigned a duplicate
SPI, since the SPI pool is already exhausted.
With a narrow SPI range, the issue is consistently reproducible.
With a broader/default range, it becomes rare and unpredictable.
Current implementation:
xfrm_spi_hash() lookup function computes hash using daddr, proto, and family.
So if two SAs have the same SPI but different destination addresses, then
they will:
a. Hash into different buckets
b. Be stored in different linked lists (byspi + h)
c. Not be seen in the same hlist_for_each_entry_rcu() iteration.
As a result, the lookup will result in NULL and kernel allows that Duplicate SPI
Proposed Change:
xfrm_state_lookup_spi_proto() does a truly global search - across all states,
regardless of hash bucket and matches SPI and proto.
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-12
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
NFS: Fix the setting of capabilities when automounting a new filesystem
Capabilities cannot be inherited when we cross into a new filesystem.
They need to be reset to the minimal defaults, and then probed for
again.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-12
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ARM: tegra: Use I/O memcpy to write to IRAM
Kasan crashes the kernel trying to check boundaries when using the
normal memcpy.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-12
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
block: avoid possible overflow for chunk_sectors check in blk_stack_limits()
In blk_stack_limits(), we check that the t->chunk_sectors value is a
multiple of the t->physical_block_size value.
However, by finding the chunk_sectors value in bytes, we may overflow
the unsigned int which holds chunk_sectors, so change the check to be
based on sectors.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-12
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
scsi: ufs: exynos: Fix programming of HCI_UTRL_NEXUS_TYPE
On Google gs101, the number of UTP transfer request slots (nutrs) is 32,
and in this case the driver ends up programming the UTRL_NEXUS_TYPE
incorrectly as 0.
This is because the left hand side of the shift is 1, which is of type
int, i.e. 31 bits wide. Shifting by more than that width results in
undefined behaviour.
Fix this by switching to the BIT() macro, which applies correct type
casting as required. This ensures the correct value is written to
UTRL_NEXUS_TYPE (0xffffffff on gs101), and it also fixes a UBSAN shift
warning:
UBSAN: shift-out-of-bounds in drivers/ufs/host/ufs-exynos.c:1113:21
shift exponent 32 is too large for 32-bit type 'int'
For consistency, apply the same change to the nutmrs / UTMRL_NEXUS_TYPE
write.
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-11