Security Vulnerabilities - CVEs Published In December 2022
CVE-2022-46169
Cacti is an open source platform which provides a robust and extensible operational monitoring and fault management framework for users. In affected versions a command injection vulnerability allows an unauthenticated user to execute arbitrary code on a server running Cacti, if a specific data source was selected for any monitored device. The vulnerability resides in the `remote_agent.php` file. This file can be accessed without authentication. This function retrieves the IP address of the client via `get_client_addr` and resolves this IP address to the corresponding hostname via `gethostbyaddr`. After this, it is verified that an entry within the `poller` table exists, where the hostname corresponds to the resolved hostname. If such an entry was found, the function returns `true` and the client is authorized. This authorization can be bypassed due to the implementation of the `get_client_addr` function. The function is defined in the file `lib/functions.php` and checks serval `$_SERVER` variables to determine the IP address of the client. The variables beginning with `HTTP_` can be arbitrarily set by an attacker. Since there is a default entry in the `poller` table with the hostname of the server running Cacti, an attacker can bypass the authentication e.g. by providing the header `Forwarded-For: <TARGETIP>`. This way the function `get_client_addr` returns the IP address of the server running Cacti. The following call to `gethostbyaddr` will resolve this IP address to the hostname of the server, which will pass the `poller` hostname check because of the default entry. After the authorization of the `remote_agent.php` file is bypassed, an attacker can trigger different actions. One of these actions is called `polldata`. The called function `poll_for_data` retrieves a few request parameters and loads the corresponding `poller_item` entries from the database. If the `action` of a `poller_item` equals `POLLER_ACTION_SCRIPT_PHP`, the function `proc_open` is used to execute a PHP script. The attacker-controlled parameter `$poller_id` is retrieved via the function `get_nfilter_request_var`, which allows arbitrary strings. This variable is later inserted into the string passed to `proc_open`, which leads to a command injection vulnerability. By e.g. providing the `poller_id=;id` the `id` command is executed. In order to reach the vulnerable call, the attacker must provide a `host_id` and `local_data_id`, where the `action` of the corresponding `poller_item` is set to `POLLER_ACTION_SCRIPT_PHP`. Both of these ids (`host_id` and `local_data_id`) can easily be bruteforced. The only requirement is that a `poller_item` with an `POLLER_ACTION_SCRIPT_PHP` action exists. This is very likely on a productive instance because this action is added by some predefined templates like `Device - Uptime` or `Device - Polling Time`.
This command injection vulnerability allows an unauthenticated user to execute arbitrary commands if a `poller_item` with the `action` type `POLLER_ACTION_SCRIPT_PHP` (`2`) is configured. The authorization bypass should be prevented by not allowing an attacker to make `get_client_addr` (file `lib/functions.php`) return an arbitrary IP address. This could be done by not honoring the `HTTP_...` `$_SERVER` variables. If these should be kept for compatibility reasons it should at least be prevented to fake the IP address of the server running Cacti. This vulnerability has been addressed in both the 1.2.x and 1.3.x release branches with `1.2.23` being the first release containing the patch.
Known exploited
CVSS Score
9.8
EPSS Score
0.945
Published
2022-12-05
Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in TomExam 3.0 via p_name parameter to list.thtml.
CVSS Score
5.4
EPSS Score
0.003
Published
2022-12-05
An issue in the /api/audits component of Pwndoc v0.5.3 allows attackers to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted audit file.
CVSS Score
8.8
EPSS Score
0.303
Published
2022-12-05
OpenRazer is an open source driver and user-space daemon to control Razer device lighting and other features on GNU/Linux. Using a modified USB device an attacker can leak stack addresses of the `razer_attr_read_dpi_stages`, potentially bypassing KASLR. To exploit this vulnerability an attacker would need to access to a users keyboard or mouse or would need to convince a user to use a modified device. The issue has been patched in v3.5.1. Users are advised to upgrade and should be reminded not to plug in unknown USB devices.
CVSS Score
4.4
EPSS Score
0.001
Published
2022-12-05
Phpgurukul User Registration & User Management System v3.0 was discovered to contain multiple stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities via the firstname and lastname parameters of the registration form & login pages.
CVSS Score
5.4
EPSS Score
0.004
Published
2022-12-05
A Firewall Rule which allows all incoming TCP connections to all programs from any source and to all ports is created in Windows Firewall after Zabbix agent installation (MSI)
CVSS Score
6.5
EPSS Score
0.045
Published
2022-12-05
Zabbix Frontend provides a feature that allows admins to maintain the installation and ensure that only certain IP addresses can access it. In this way, any user will not be able to access the Zabbix Frontend while it is being maintained and possible sensitive data will be prevented from being disclosed. An attacker can bypass this protection and access the instance using IP address not listed in the defined range.
CVSS Score
5.3
EPSS Score
0.001
Published
2022-12-05
Use After Free in GitHub repository vim/vim prior to 9.0.0882.
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.003
Published
2022-12-05
Floating Point Comparison with Incorrect Operator in GitHub repository vim/vim prior to 9.0.0804.
CVSS Score
6.8
EPSS Score
0.003
Published
2022-12-05
The Advanced Import WordPress plugin before 1.3.8 does not have CSRF check when installing and activating plugins, which could allow attackers to make a logged in admin install arbitrary plugins from WordPress.org, and activate arbitrary ones from the blog via CSRF attacks
CVSS Score
6.5
EPSS Score
0.002
Published
2022-12-05