Security Vulnerabilities - CVEs Published In September 2025
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
rxrpc: Fix potential data race in rxrpc_wait_to_be_connected()
Inside the loop in rxrpc_wait_to_be_connected() it checks call->error to
see if it should exit the loop without first checking the call state. This
is probably safe as if call->error is set, the call is dead anyway, but we
should probably wait for the call state to have been set to completion
first, lest it cause surprise on the way out.
Fix this by only accessing call->error if the call is complete. We don't
actually need to access the error inside the loop as we'll do that after.
This caused the following report:
BUG: KCSAN: data-race in rxrpc_send_data / rxrpc_set_call_completion
write to 0xffff888159cf3c50 of 4 bytes by task 25673 on cpu 1:
rxrpc_set_call_completion+0x71/0x1c0 net/rxrpc/call_state.c:22
rxrpc_send_data_packet+0xba9/0x1650 net/rxrpc/output.c:479
rxrpc_transmit_one+0x1e/0x130 net/rxrpc/output.c:714
rxrpc_decant_prepared_tx net/rxrpc/call_event.c:326 [inline]
rxrpc_transmit_some_data+0x496/0x600 net/rxrpc/call_event.c:350
rxrpc_input_call_event+0x564/0x1220 net/rxrpc/call_event.c:464
rxrpc_io_thread+0x307/0x1d80 net/rxrpc/io_thread.c:461
kthread+0x1ac/0x1e0 kernel/kthread.c:376
ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:308
read to 0xffff888159cf3c50 of 4 bytes by task 25672 on cpu 0:
rxrpc_send_data+0x29e/0x1950 net/rxrpc/sendmsg.c:296
rxrpc_do_sendmsg+0xb7a/0xc20 net/rxrpc/sendmsg.c:726
rxrpc_sendmsg+0x413/0x520 net/rxrpc/af_rxrpc.c:565
sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:724 [inline]
sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:747 [inline]
____sys_sendmsg+0x375/0x4c0 net/socket.c:2501
___sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2555 [inline]
__sys_sendmmsg+0x263/0x500 net/socket.c:2641
__do_sys_sendmmsg net/socket.c:2670 [inline]
__se_sys_sendmmsg net/socket.c:2667 [inline]
__x64_sys_sendmmsg+0x57/0x60 net/socket.c:2667
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline]
do_syscall_64+0x41/0xc0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd
value changed: 0x00000000 -> 0xffffffea
CVSS Score
4.7
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-17
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
kernel/fail_function: fix memory leak with using debugfs_lookup()
When calling debugfs_lookup() the result must have dput() called on it,
otherwise the memory will leak over time. To make things simpler, just
call debugfs_lookup_and_remove() instead which handles all of the logic
at once.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-17
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net/mlx5: Handle pairing of E-switch via uplink un/load APIs
In case user switch a device from switchdev mode to legacy mode, mlx5
first unpair the E-switch and afterwards unload the uplink vport.
From the other hand, in case user remove or reload a device, mlx5
first unload the uplink vport and afterwards unpair the E-switch.
The latter is causing a bug[1], hence, handle pairing of E-switch as
part of uplink un/load APIs.
[1]
In case VF_LAG is used, every tc fdb flow is duplicated to the peer
esw. However, the original esw keeps a pointer to this duplicated
flow, not the peer esw.
e.g.: if user create tc fdb flow over esw0, the flow is duplicated
over esw1, in FW/HW, but in SW, esw0 keeps a pointer to the duplicated
flow.
During module unload while a peer tc fdb flow is still offloaded, in
case the first device to be removed is the peer device (esw1 in the
example above), the peer net-dev is destroyed, and so the mlx5e_priv
is memset to 0.
Afterwards, the peer device is trying to unpair himself from the
original device (esw0 in the example above). Unpair API invoke the
original device to clear peer flow from its eswitch (esw0), but the
peer flow, which is stored over the original eswitch (esw0), is
trying to use the peer mlx5e_priv, which is memset to 0 and result in
bellow kernel-oops.
[ 157.964081 ] BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 000000000002ce60
[ 157.964662 ] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
[ 157.965123 ] #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
[ 157.965582 ] PGD 0 P4D 0
[ 157.965866 ] Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP
[ 157.967670 ] RIP: 0010:mlx5e_tc_del_fdb_flow+0x48/0x460 [mlx5_core]
[ 157.976164 ] Call Trace:
[ 157.976437 ] <TASK>
[ 157.976690 ] __mlx5e_tc_del_fdb_peer_flow+0xe6/0x100 [mlx5_core]
[ 157.977230 ] mlx5e_tc_clean_fdb_peer_flows+0x67/0x90 [mlx5_core]
[ 157.977767 ] mlx5_esw_offloads_unpair+0x2d/0x1e0 [mlx5_core]
[ 157.984653 ] mlx5_esw_offloads_devcom_event+0xbf/0x130 [mlx5_core]
[ 157.985212 ] mlx5_devcom_send_event+0xa3/0xb0 [mlx5_core]
[ 157.985714 ] esw_offloads_disable+0x5a/0x110 [mlx5_core]
[ 157.986209 ] mlx5_eswitch_disable_locked+0x152/0x170 [mlx5_core]
[ 157.986757 ] mlx5_eswitch_disable+0x51/0x80 [mlx5_core]
[ 157.987248 ] mlx5_unload+0x2a/0xb0 [mlx5_core]
[ 157.987678 ] mlx5_uninit_one+0x5f/0xd0 [mlx5_core]
[ 157.988127 ] remove_one+0x64/0xe0 [mlx5_core]
[ 157.988549 ] pci_device_remove+0x31/0xa0
[ 157.988933 ] device_release_driver_internal+0x18f/0x1f0
[ 157.989402 ] driver_detach+0x3f/0x80
[ 157.989754 ] bus_remove_driver+0x70/0xf0
[ 157.990129 ] pci_unregister_driver+0x34/0x90
[ 157.990537 ] mlx5_cleanup+0xc/0x1c [mlx5_core]
[ 157.990972 ] __x64_sys_delete_module+0x15a/0x250
[ 157.991398 ] ? exit_to_user_mode_prepare+0xea/0x110
[ 157.991840 ] do_syscall_64+0x3d/0x90
[ 157.992198 ] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x46/0xb0
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-17
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
btrfs: fix deadlock when aborting transaction during relocation with scrub
Before relocating a block group we pause scrub, then do the relocation and
then unpause scrub. The relocation process requires starting and committing
a transaction, and if we have a failure in the critical section of the
transaction commit path (transaction state >= TRANS_STATE_COMMIT_START),
we will deadlock if there is a paused scrub.
That results in stack traces like the following:
[42.479] BTRFS info (device sdc): relocating block group 53876686848 flags metadata|raid6
[42.936] BTRFS warning (device sdc): Skipping commit of aborted transaction.
[42.936] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[42.936] BTRFS: Transaction aborted (error -28)
[42.936] WARNING: CPU: 11 PID: 346822 at fs/btrfs/transaction.c:1977 btrfs_commit_transaction+0xcc8/0xeb0 [btrfs]
[42.936] Modules linked in: dm_flakey dm_mod loop btrfs (...)
[42.936] CPU: 11 PID: 346822 Comm: btrfs Tainted: G W 6.3.0-rc2-btrfs-next-127+ #1
[42.936] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.14.0-0-g155821a1990b-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
[42.936] RIP: 0010:btrfs_commit_transaction+0xcc8/0xeb0 [btrfs]
[42.936] Code: ff ff 45 8b (...)
[42.936] RSP: 0018:ffffb58649633b48 EFLAGS: 00010282
[42.936] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff8be6ef4d5bd8 RCX: 0000000000000000
[42.936] RDX: 0000000000000002 RSI: ffffffffb35e7782 RDI: 00000000ffffffff
[42.936] RBP: ffff8be6ef4d5c98 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffffb586496339e8
[42.936] R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: ffff8be6d38c7c00
[42.936] R13: 00000000ffffffe4 R14: ffff8be6c268c000 R15: ffff8be6ef4d5cf0
[42.936] FS: 00007f381a82b340(0000) GS:ffff8beddfcc0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[42.936] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[42.936] CR2: 00007f1e35fb7638 CR3: 0000000117680006 CR4: 0000000000370ee0
[42.936] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
[42.936] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
[42.936] Call Trace:
[42.936] <TASK>
[42.936] ? start_transaction+0xcb/0x610 [btrfs]
[42.936] prepare_to_relocate+0x111/0x1a0 [btrfs]
[42.936] relocate_block_group+0x57/0x5d0 [btrfs]
[42.936] ? btrfs_wait_nocow_writers+0x25/0xb0 [btrfs]
[42.936] btrfs_relocate_block_group+0x248/0x3c0 [btrfs]
[42.936] ? __pfx_autoremove_wake_function+0x10/0x10
[42.936] btrfs_relocate_chunk+0x3b/0x150 [btrfs]
[42.936] btrfs_balance+0x8ff/0x11d0 [btrfs]
[42.936] ? __kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x14a/0x410
[42.936] btrfs_ioctl+0x2334/0x32c0 [btrfs]
[42.937] ? mod_objcg_state+0xd2/0x360
[42.937] ? refill_obj_stock+0xb0/0x160
[42.937] ? seq_release+0x25/0x30
[42.937] ? __rseq_handle_notify_resume+0x3b5/0x4b0
[42.937] ? percpu_counter_add_batch+0x2e/0xa0
[42.937] ? __x64_sys_ioctl+0x88/0xc0
[42.937] __x64_sys_ioctl+0x88/0xc0
[42.937] do_syscall_64+0x38/0x90
[42.937] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x72/0xdc
[42.937] RIP: 0033:0x7f381a6ffe9b
[42.937] Code: 00 48 89 44 24 (...)
[42.937] RSP: 002b:00007ffd45ecf060 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000010
[42.937] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000001 RCX: 00007f381a6ffe9b
[42.937] RDX: 00007ffd45ecf150 RSI: 00000000c4009420 RDI: 0000000000000003
[42.937] RBP: 0000000000000003 R08: 0000000000000013 R09: 0000000000000000
[42.937] R10: 00007f381a60c878 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00007ffd45ed0423
[42.937] R13: 00007ffd45ecf150 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 00007ffd45ecf148
[42.937] </TASK>
[42.937] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
[42.937] BTRFS: error (device sdc: state A) in cleanup_transaction:1977: errno=-28 No space left
[59.196] INFO: task btrfs:346772 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
[59.196] Tainted: G W 6.3.0-rc2-btrfs-next-127+ #1
[59.196] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_
---truncated---
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-17
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
media: ov2740: Fix memleak in ov2740_init_controls()
There is a kmemleak when testing the media/i2c/ov2740.c with bpf mock
device:
unreferenced object 0xffff8881090e19e0 (size 16):
comm "51-i2c-ov2740", pid 278, jiffies 4294781584 (age 23.613s)
hex dump (first 16 bytes):
00 f3 7c 0b 81 88 ff ff 80 75 6a 09 81 88 ff ff ..|......uj.....
backtrace:
[<000000004e9fad8f>] __kmalloc_node+0x44/0x1b0
[<0000000039c802f4>] kvmalloc_node+0x34/0x180
[<000000009b8b5c63>] v4l2_ctrl_handler_init_class+0x11d/0x180
[videodev]
[<0000000038644056>] ov2740_probe+0x37d/0x84f [ov2740]
[<0000000092489f59>] i2c_device_probe+0x28d/0x680
[<000000001038babe>] really_probe+0x17c/0x3f0
[<0000000098c7af1c>] __driver_probe_device+0xe3/0x170
[<00000000e1b3dc24>] device_driver_attach+0x34/0x80
[<000000005a04a34d>] bind_store+0x10b/0x1a0
[<00000000ce25d4f2>] drv_attr_store+0x49/0x70
[<000000007d9f4e9a>] sysfs_kf_write+0x8c/0xb0
[<00000000be6cff0f>] kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x216/0x2e0
[<0000000031ddb40a>] vfs_write+0x658/0x810
[<0000000041beecdd>] ksys_write+0xd6/0x1b0
[<0000000023755840>] do_syscall_64+0x38/0x90
[<00000000b2cc2da2>] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd
ov2740_init_controls() won't clean all the allocated resources in fail
path, which may causes the memleaks. Add v4l2_ctrl_handler_free() to
prevent memleak.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-17
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
accel/qaic: Fix slicing memory leak
The temporary buffer storing slicing configuration data from user is only
freed on error. This is a memory leak. Free the buffer unconditionally.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-17
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
btrfs: fix BUG_ON condition in btrfs_cancel_balance
Pausing and canceling balance can race to interrupt balance lead to BUG_ON
panic in btrfs_cancel_balance. The BUG_ON condition in btrfs_cancel_balance
does not take this race scenario into account.
However, the race condition has no other side effects. We can fix that.
Reproducing it with panic trace like this:
kernel BUG at fs/btrfs/volumes.c:4618!
RIP: 0010:btrfs_cancel_balance+0x5cf/0x6a0
Call Trace:
<TASK>
? do_nanosleep+0x60/0x120
? hrtimer_nanosleep+0xb7/0x1a0
? sched_core_clone_cookie+0x70/0x70
btrfs_ioctl_balance_ctl+0x55/0x70
btrfs_ioctl+0xa46/0xd20
__x64_sys_ioctl+0x7d/0xa0
do_syscall_64+0x38/0x80
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd
Race scenario as follows:
> mutex_unlock(&fs_info->balance_mutex);
> --------------------
> .......issue pause and cancel req in another thread
> --------------------
> ret = __btrfs_balance(fs_info);
>
> mutex_lock(&fs_info->balance_mutex);
> if (ret == -ECANCELED && atomic_read(&fs_info->balance_pause_req)) {
> btrfs_info(fs_info, "balance: paused");
> btrfs_exclop_balance(fs_info, BTRFS_EXCLOP_BALANCE_PAUSED);
> }
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-17
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net/mlx5: Collect command failures data only for known commands
DEVX can issue a general command, which is not used by mlx5 driver.
In case such command is failed, mlx5 is trying to collect the failure
data, However, mlx5 doesn't create a storage for this command, since
mlx5 doesn't use it. This lead to array-index-out-of-bounds error.
Fix it by checking whether the command is known before collecting the
failure data.
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-17
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
of/fdt: run soc memory setup when early_init_dt_scan_memory fails
If memory has been found early_init_dt_scan_memory now returns 1. If
it hasn't found any memory it will return 0, allowing other memory
setup mechanisms to carry on.
Previously early_init_dt_scan_memory always returned 0 without
distinguishing between any kind of memory setup being done or not. Any
code path after the early_init_dt_scan memory call in the ramips
plat_mem_setup code wouldn't be executed anymore. Making
early_init_dt_scan_memory the only way to initialize the memory.
Some boards, including my mt7621 based Cudy X6 board, depend on memory
initialization being done via the soc_info.mem_detect function
pointer. Those wouldn't be able to obtain memory and panic the kernel
during early bootup with the message "early_init_dt_alloc_memory_arch:
Failed to allocate 12416 bytes align=0x40".
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-17
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: marvell: prestera: fix handling IPv4 routes with nhid
Fix handling IPv4 routes referencing a nexthop via its id by replacing
calls to fib_info_nh() with fib_info_nhc().
Trying to add an IPv4 route referencing a nextop via nhid:
$ ip link set up swp5
$ ip a a 10.0.0.1/24 dev swp5
$ ip nexthop add dev swp5 id 20 via 10.0.0.2
$ ip route add 10.0.1.0/24 nhid 20
triggers warnings when trying to handle the route:
[ 528.805763] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 528.810437] WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 53 at include/net/nexthop.h:468 __prestera_fi_is_direct+0x2c/0x68 [prestera]
[ 528.820434] Modules linked in: prestera_pci act_gact act_police sch_ingress cls_u32 cls_flower prestera arm64_delta_tn48m_dn_led(O) arm64_delta_tn48m_dn_cpld(O) [last unloaded: prestera_pci]
[ 528.837485] CPU: 3 PID: 53 Comm: kworker/u8:3 Tainted: G O 6.4.5 #1
[ 528.845178] Hardware name: delta,tn48m-dn (DT)
[ 528.849641] Workqueue: prestera_ordered __prestera_router_fib_event_work [prestera]
[ 528.857352] pstate: 60000005 (nZCv daif -PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
[ 528.864347] pc : __prestera_fi_is_direct+0x2c/0x68 [prestera]
[ 528.870135] lr : prestera_k_arb_fib_evt+0xb20/0xd50 [prestera]
[ 528.876007] sp : ffff80000b20bc90
[ 528.879336] x29: ffff80000b20bc90 x28: 0000000000000000 x27: ffff0001374d3a48
[ 528.886510] x26: ffff000105604000 x25: ffff000134af8a28 x24: ffff0001374d3800
[ 528.893683] x23: ffff000101c89148 x22: ffff000101c89000 x21: ffff000101c89200
[ 528.900855] x20: ffff00013641fda0 x19: ffff800009d01088 x18: 0000000000000059
[ 528.908027] x17: 0000000000000277 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: 0000000000000000
[ 528.915198] x14: 0000000000000003 x13: 00000000000fe400 x12: 0000000000000000
[ 528.922371] x11: 0000000000000002 x10: 0000000000000aa0 x9 : ffff8000013d2020
[ 528.929543] x8 : 0000000000000018 x7 : 000000007b1703f8 x6 : 000000001ca72f86
[ 528.936715] x5 : 0000000033399ea7 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : ffff0001374d3acc
[ 528.943886] x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : ffff00010200de00 x0 : ffff000134ae3f80
[ 528.951058] Call trace:
[ 528.953516] __prestera_fi_is_direct+0x2c/0x68 [prestera]
[ 528.958952] __prestera_router_fib_event_work+0x100/0x158 [prestera]
[ 528.965348] process_one_work+0x208/0x488
[ 528.969387] worker_thread+0x4c/0x430
[ 528.973068] kthread+0x120/0x138
[ 528.976313] ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20
[ 528.979909] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
[ 528.984998] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 528.989645] WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 53 at include/net/nexthop.h:468 __prestera_fi_is_direct+0x2c/0x68 [prestera]
[ 528.999628] Modules linked in: prestera_pci act_gact act_police sch_ingress cls_u32 cls_flower prestera arm64_delta_tn48m_dn_led(O) arm64_delta_tn48m_dn_cpld(O) [last unloaded: prestera_pci]
[ 529.016676] CPU: 3 PID: 53 Comm: kworker/u8:3 Tainted: G W O 6.4.5 #1
[ 529.024368] Hardware name: delta,tn48m-dn (DT)
[ 529.028830] Workqueue: prestera_ordered __prestera_router_fib_event_work [prestera]
[ 529.036539] pstate: 60000005 (nZCv daif -PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
[ 529.043533] pc : __prestera_fi_is_direct+0x2c/0x68 [prestera]
[ 529.049318] lr : __prestera_k_arb_fc_apply+0x280/0x2f8 [prestera]
[ 529.055452] sp : ffff80000b20bc60
[ 529.058781] x29: ffff80000b20bc60 x28: 0000000000000000 x27: ffff0001374d3a48
[ 529.065953] x26: ffff000105604000 x25: ffff000134af8a28 x24: ffff0001374d3800
[ 529.073126] x23: ffff000101c89148 x22: ffff000101c89148 x21: ffff00013641fda0
[ 529.080299] x20: ffff000101c89000 x19: ffff000101c89020 x18: 0000000000000059
[ 529.087471] x17: 0000000000000277 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: 0000000000000000
[ 529.094642] x14: 0000000000000003 x13: 00000000000fe400 x12: 0000000000000000
[ 529.101814] x11: 0000000000000002 x10: 0000000000000aa0 x9 : ffff8000013cee80
[ 529.108985] x8 : 0000000000000018 x7 : 000000007b1703f8 x6
---truncated---
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-17