Security Vulnerabilities - CVEs Published In September 2025
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: mt76: dma: fix memory leak running mt76_dma_tx_cleanup
Fix device unregister memory leak and alway cleanup all configured
rx queues in mt76_dma_tx_cleanup routine.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.001
Published
2025-09-18
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/panfrost: Fix GEM handle creation ref-counting
panfrost_gem_create_with_handle() previously returned a BO but with the
only reference being from the handle, which user space could in theory
guess and release, causing a use-after-free. Additionally if the call to
panfrost_gem_mapping_get() in panfrost_ioctl_create_bo() failed then
a(nother) reference on the BO was dropped.
The _create_with_handle() is a problematic pattern, so ditch it and
instead create the handle in panfrost_ioctl_create_bo(). If the call to
panfrost_gem_mapping_get() fails then this means that user space has
indeed gone behind our back and freed the handle. In which case just
return an error code.
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.002
Published
2025-09-18
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: ath11k: mhi: fix potential memory leak in ath11k_mhi_register()
mhi_alloc_controller() allocates a memory space for mhi_ctrl. When gets
some error, mhi_ctrl should be freed with mhi_free_controller(). But
when ath11k_mhi_read_addr_from_dt() fails, the function returns without
calling mhi_free_controller(), which will lead to a memory leak.
We can fix it by calling mhi_free_controller() when
ath11k_mhi_read_addr_from_dt() fails.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.002
Published
2025-09-18
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
Bluetooth: hci_sysfs: Fix attempting to call device_add multiple times
device_add shall not be called multiple times as stated in its
documentation:
'Do not call this routine or device_register() more than once for
any device structure'
Syzkaller reports a bug as follows [1]:
------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at lib/list_debug.c:33!
invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN
[...]
Call Trace:
<TASK>
__list_add include/linux/list.h:69 [inline]
list_add_tail include/linux/list.h:102 [inline]
kobj_kset_join lib/kobject.c:164 [inline]
kobject_add_internal+0x18f/0x8f0 lib/kobject.c:214
kobject_add_varg lib/kobject.c:358 [inline]
kobject_add+0x150/0x1c0 lib/kobject.c:410
device_add+0x368/0x1e90 drivers/base/core.c:3452
hci_conn_add_sysfs+0x9b/0x1b0 net/bluetooth/hci_sysfs.c:53
hci_le_cis_estabilished_evt+0x57c/0xae0 net/bluetooth/hci_event.c:6799
hci_le_meta_evt+0x2b8/0x510 net/bluetooth/hci_event.c:7110
hci_event_func net/bluetooth/hci_event.c:7440 [inline]
hci_event_packet+0x63d/0xfd0 net/bluetooth/hci_event.c:7495
hci_rx_work+0xae7/0x1230 net/bluetooth/hci_core.c:4007
process_one_work+0x991/0x1610 kernel/workqueue.c:2289
worker_thread+0x665/0x1080 kernel/workqueue.c:2436
kthread+0x2e4/0x3a0 kernel/kthread.c:376
ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:306
</TASK>
CVSS Score
8.8
EPSS Score
0.002
Published
2025-09-18
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
rcu: Protect rcu_print_task_exp_stall() ->exp_tasks access
For kernels built with CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU=y, the following scenario can
result in a NULL-pointer dereference:
CPU1 CPU2
rcu_preempt_deferred_qs_irqrestore rcu_print_task_exp_stall
if (special.b.blocked) READ_ONCE(rnp->exp_tasks) != NULL
raw_spin_lock_rcu_node
np = rcu_next_node_entry(t, rnp)
if (&t->rcu_node_entry == rnp->exp_tasks)
WRITE_ONCE(rnp->exp_tasks, np)
....
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node
raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node
t = list_entry(rnp->exp_tasks->prev,
struct task_struct, rcu_node_entry)
(if rnp->exp_tasks is NULL, this
will dereference a NULL pointer)
The problem is that CPU2 accesses the rcu_node structure's->exp_tasks
field without holding the rcu_node structure's ->lock and CPU2 did
not observe CPU1's change to rcu_node structure's ->exp_tasks in time.
Therefore, if CPU1 sets rcu_node structure's->exp_tasks pointer to NULL,
then CPU2 might dereference that NULL pointer.
This commit therefore holds the rcu_node structure's ->lock while
accessing that structure's->exp_tasks field.
[ paulmck: Apply Frederic Weisbecker feedback. ]
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.002
Published
2025-09-18
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ntfs: Fix panic about slab-out-of-bounds caused by ntfs_listxattr()
Here is a BUG report from syzbot:
BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in ntfs_list_ea fs/ntfs3/xattr.c:191 [inline]
BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in ntfs_listxattr+0x401/0x570 fs/ntfs3/xattr.c:710
Read of size 1 at addr ffff888021acaf3d by task syz-executor128/3632
Call Trace:
ntfs_list_ea fs/ntfs3/xattr.c:191 [inline]
ntfs_listxattr+0x401/0x570 fs/ntfs3/xattr.c:710
vfs_listxattr fs/xattr.c:457 [inline]
listxattr+0x293/0x2d0 fs/xattr.c:804
Fix the logic of ea_all iteration. When the ea->name_len is 0,
return immediately, or Add2Ptr() would visit invalid memory
in the next loop.
[almaz.alexandrovich@paragon-software.com: lines of the patch have changed]
CVSS Score
7.1
EPSS Score
0.002
Published
2025-09-18
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
blk-cgroup: Reinit blkg_iostat_set after clearing in blkcg_reset_stats()
When blkg_alloc() is called to allocate a blkcg_gq structure
with the associated blkg_iostat_set's, there are 2 fields within
blkg_iostat_set that requires proper initialization - blkg & sync.
The former field was introduced by commit 3b8cc6298724 ("blk-cgroup:
Optimize blkcg_rstat_flush()") while the later one was introduced by
commit f73316482977 ("blk-cgroup: reimplement basic IO stats using
cgroup rstat").
Unfortunately those fields in the blkg_iostat_set's are not properly
re-initialized when they are cleared in v1's blkcg_reset_stats(). This
can lead to a kernel panic due to NULL pointer access of the blkg
pointer. The missing initialization of sync is less problematic and
can be a problem in a debug kernel due to missing lockdep initialization.
Fix these problems by re-initializing them after memory clearing.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.002
Published
2025-09-18
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: brcmfmac: fix use-after-free bug in brcmf_netdev_start_xmit()
> ret = brcmf_proto_tx_queue_data(drvr, ifp->ifidx, skb);
may be schedule, and then complete before the line
> ndev->stats.tx_bytes += skb->len;
[ 46.912801] ==================================================================
[ 46.920552] BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in brcmf_netdev_start_xmit+0x718/0x8c8 [brcmfmac]
[ 46.928673] Read of size 4 at addr ffffff803f5882e8 by task systemd-resolve/328
[ 46.935991]
[ 46.937514] CPU: 1 PID: 328 Comm: systemd-resolve Tainted: G O 5.4.199-[REDACTED] #1
[ 46.947255] Hardware name: [REDACTED]
[ 46.954568] Call trace:
[ 46.957037] dump_backtrace+0x0/0x2b8
[ 46.960719] show_stack+0x24/0x30
[ 46.964052] dump_stack+0x128/0x194
[ 46.967557] print_address_description.isra.0+0x64/0x380
[ 46.972877] __kasan_report+0x1d4/0x240
[ 46.976723] kasan_report+0xc/0x18
[ 46.980138] __asan_report_load4_noabort+0x18/0x20
[ 46.985027] brcmf_netdev_start_xmit+0x718/0x8c8 [brcmfmac]
[ 46.990613] dev_hard_start_xmit+0x1bc/0xda0
[ 46.994894] sch_direct_xmit+0x198/0xd08
[ 46.998827] __qdisc_run+0x37c/0x1dc0
[ 47.002500] __dev_queue_xmit+0x1528/0x21f8
[ 47.006692] dev_queue_xmit+0x24/0x30
[ 47.010366] neigh_resolve_output+0x37c/0x678
[ 47.014734] ip_finish_output2+0x598/0x2458
[ 47.018927] __ip_finish_output+0x300/0x730
[ 47.023118] ip_output+0x2e0/0x430
[ 47.026530] ip_local_out+0x90/0x140
[ 47.030117] igmpv3_sendpack+0x14c/0x228
[ 47.034049] igmpv3_send_cr+0x384/0x6b8
[ 47.037895] igmp_ifc_timer_expire+0x4c/0x118
[ 47.042262] call_timer_fn+0x1cc/0xbe8
[ 47.046021] __run_timers+0x4d8/0xb28
[ 47.049693] run_timer_softirq+0x24/0x40
[ 47.053626] __do_softirq+0x2c0/0x117c
[ 47.057387] irq_exit+0x2dc/0x388
[ 47.060715] __handle_domain_irq+0xb4/0x158
[ 47.064908] gic_handle_irq+0x58/0xb0
[ 47.068581] el0_irq_naked+0x50/0x5c
[ 47.072162]
[ 47.073665] Allocated by task 328:
[ 47.077083] save_stack+0x24/0xb0
[ 47.080410] __kasan_kmalloc.isra.0+0xc0/0xe0
[ 47.084776] kasan_slab_alloc+0x14/0x20
[ 47.088622] kmem_cache_alloc+0x15c/0x468
[ 47.092643] __alloc_skb+0xa4/0x498
[ 47.096142] igmpv3_newpack+0x158/0xd78
[ 47.099987] add_grhead+0x210/0x288
[ 47.103485] add_grec+0x6b0/0xb70
[ 47.106811] igmpv3_send_cr+0x2e0/0x6b8
[ 47.110657] igmp_ifc_timer_expire+0x4c/0x118
[ 47.115027] call_timer_fn+0x1cc/0xbe8
[ 47.118785] __run_timers+0x4d8/0xb28
[ 47.122457] run_timer_softirq+0x24/0x40
[ 47.126389] __do_softirq+0x2c0/0x117c
[ 47.130142]
[ 47.131643] Freed by task 180:
[ 47.134712] save_stack+0x24/0xb0
[ 47.138041] __kasan_slab_free+0x108/0x180
[ 47.142146] kasan_slab_free+0x10/0x18
[ 47.145904] slab_free_freelist_hook+0xa4/0x1b0
[ 47.150444] kmem_cache_free+0x8c/0x528
[ 47.154292] kfree_skbmem+0x94/0x108
[ 47.157880] consume_skb+0x10c/0x5a8
[ 47.161466] __dev_kfree_skb_any+0x88/0xa0
[ 47.165598] brcmu_pkt_buf_free_skb+0x44/0x68 [brcmutil]
[ 47.171023] brcmf_txfinalize+0xec/0x190 [brcmfmac]
[ 47.176016] brcmf_proto_bcdc_txcomplete+0x1c0/0x210 [brcmfmac]
[ 47.182056] brcmf_sdio_sendfromq+0x8dc/0x1e80 [brcmfmac]
[ 47.187568] brcmf_sdio_dpc+0xb48/0x2108 [brcmfmac]
[ 47.192529] brcmf_sdio_dataworker+0xc8/0x238 [brcmfmac]
[ 47.197859] process_one_work+0x7fc/0x1a80
[ 47.201965] worker_thread+0x31c/0xc40
[ 47.205726] kthread+0x2d8/0x370
[ 47.208967] ret_from_fork+0x10/0x18
[ 47.212546]
[ 47.214051] The buggy address belongs to the object at ffffff803f588280
[ 47.214051] which belongs to the cache skbuff_head_cache of size 208
[ 47.227086] The buggy address is located 104 bytes inside of
[ 47.227086] 208-byte region [ffffff803f588280, ffffff803f588350)
[ 47.238814] The buggy address belongs to the page:
[ 47.243618] page:ffffffff00dd6200 refcount:1 mapcou
---truncated---
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.002
Published
2025-09-18
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: If sock is dead don't access sock's sk_wq in sk_stream_wait_memory
Fixes the below NULL pointer dereference:
[...]
[ 14.471200] Call Trace:
[ 14.471562] <TASK>
[ 14.471882] lock_acquire+0x245/0x2e0
[ 14.472416] ? remove_wait_queue+0x12/0x50
[ 14.473014] ? _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x17/0x50
[ 14.473681] _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x3d/0x50
[ 14.474318] ? remove_wait_queue+0x12/0x50
[ 14.474907] remove_wait_queue+0x12/0x50
[ 14.475480] sk_stream_wait_memory+0x20d/0x340
[ 14.476127] ? do_wait_intr_irq+0x80/0x80
[ 14.476704] do_tcp_sendpages+0x287/0x600
[ 14.477283] tcp_bpf_push+0xab/0x260
[ 14.477817] tcp_bpf_sendmsg_redir+0x297/0x500
[ 14.478461] ? __local_bh_enable_ip+0x77/0xe0
[ 14.479096] tcp_bpf_send_verdict+0x105/0x470
[ 14.479729] tcp_bpf_sendmsg+0x318/0x4f0
[ 14.480311] sock_sendmsg+0x2d/0x40
[ 14.480822] ____sys_sendmsg+0x1b4/0x1c0
[ 14.481390] ? copy_msghdr_from_user+0x62/0x80
[ 14.482048] ___sys_sendmsg+0x78/0xb0
[ 14.482580] ? vmf_insert_pfn_prot+0x91/0x150
[ 14.483215] ? __do_fault+0x2a/0x1a0
[ 14.483738] ? do_fault+0x15e/0x5d0
[ 14.484246] ? __handle_mm_fault+0x56b/0x1040
[ 14.484874] ? lock_is_held_type+0xdf/0x130
[ 14.485474] ? find_held_lock+0x2d/0x90
[ 14.486046] ? __sys_sendmsg+0x41/0x70
[ 14.486587] __sys_sendmsg+0x41/0x70
[ 14.487105] ? intel_pmu_drain_pebs_core+0x350/0x350
[ 14.487822] do_syscall_64+0x34/0x80
[ 14.488345] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd
[...]
The test scenario has the following flow:
thread1 thread2
----------- ---------------
tcp_bpf_sendmsg
tcp_bpf_send_verdict
tcp_bpf_sendmsg_redir sock_close
tcp_bpf_push_locked __sock_release
tcp_bpf_push //inet_release
do_tcp_sendpages sock->ops->release
sk_stream_wait_memory // tcp_close
sk_wait_event sk->sk_prot->close
release_sock(__sk);
***
lock_sock(sk);
__tcp_close
sock_orphan(sk)
sk->sk_wq = NULL
release_sock
****
lock_sock(__sk);
remove_wait_queue(sk_sleep(sk), &wait);
sk_sleep(sk)
//NULL pointer dereference
&rcu_dereference_raw(sk->sk_wq)->wait
While waiting for memory in thread1, the socket is released with its wait
queue because thread2 has closed it. This caused by tcp_bpf_send_verdict
didn't increase the f_count of psock->sk_redir->sk_socket->file in thread1.
We should check if SOCK_DEAD flag is set on wakeup in sk_stream_wait_memory
before accessing the wait queue.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.002
Published
2025-09-18
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
NFSD: Protect against send buffer overflow in NFSv2 READ
Since before the git era, NFSD has conserved the number of pages
held by each nfsd thread by combining the RPC receive and send
buffers into a single array of pages. This works because there are
no cases where an operation needs a large RPC Call message and a
large RPC Reply at the same time.
Once an RPC Call has been received, svc_process() updates
svc_rqst::rq_res to describe the part of rq_pages that can be
used for constructing the Reply. This means that the send buffer
(rq_res) shrinks when the received RPC record containing the RPC
Call is large.
A client can force this shrinkage on TCP by sending a correctly-
formed RPC Call header contained in an RPC record that is
excessively large. The full maximum payload size cannot be
constructed in that case.
CVSS Score
9.8
EPSS Score
0.004
Published
2025-09-18