Security Vulnerabilities - CVEs Published In September 2025
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net/smc: fix deadlock triggered by cancel_delayed_work_syn()
The following LOCKDEP was detected:
Workqueue: events smc_lgr_free_work [smc]
WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected
6.1.0-20221027.rc2.git8.56bc5b569087.300.fc36.s390x+debug #1 Not tainted
------------------------------------------------------
kworker/3:0/176251 is trying to acquire lock:
00000000f1467148 ((wq_completion)smc_tx_wq-00000000#2){+.+.}-{0:0},
at: __flush_workqueue+0x7a/0x4f0
but task is already holding lock:
0000037fffe97dc8 ((work_completion)(&(&lgr->free_work)->work)){+.+.}-{0:0},
at: process_one_work+0x232/0x730
which lock already depends on the new lock.
the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:
-> #4 ((work_completion)(&(&lgr->free_work)->work)){+.+.}-{0:0}:
__lock_acquire+0x58e/0xbd8
lock_acquire.part.0+0xe2/0x248
lock_acquire+0xac/0x1c8
__flush_work+0x76/0xf0
__cancel_work_timer+0x170/0x220
__smc_lgr_terminate.part.0+0x34/0x1c0 [smc]
smc_connect_rdma+0x15e/0x418 [smc]
__smc_connect+0x234/0x480 [smc]
smc_connect+0x1d6/0x230 [smc]
__sys_connect+0x90/0xc0
__do_sys_socketcall+0x186/0x370
__do_syscall+0x1da/0x208
system_call+0x82/0xb0
-> #3 (smc_client_lgr_pending){+.+.}-{3:3}:
__lock_acquire+0x58e/0xbd8
lock_acquire.part.0+0xe2/0x248
lock_acquire+0xac/0x1c8
__mutex_lock+0x96/0x8e8
mutex_lock_nested+0x32/0x40
smc_connect_rdma+0xa4/0x418 [smc]
__smc_connect+0x234/0x480 [smc]
smc_connect+0x1d6/0x230 [smc]
__sys_connect+0x90/0xc0
__do_sys_socketcall+0x186/0x370
__do_syscall+0x1da/0x208
system_call+0x82/0xb0
-> #2 (sk_lock-AF_SMC){+.+.}-{0:0}:
__lock_acquire+0x58e/0xbd8
lock_acquire.part.0+0xe2/0x248
lock_acquire+0xac/0x1c8
lock_sock_nested+0x46/0xa8
smc_tx_work+0x34/0x50 [smc]
process_one_work+0x30c/0x730
worker_thread+0x62/0x420
kthread+0x138/0x150
__ret_from_fork+0x3c/0x58
ret_from_fork+0xa/0x40
-> #1 ((work_completion)(&(&smc->conn.tx_work)->work)){+.+.}-{0:0}:
__lock_acquire+0x58e/0xbd8
lock_acquire.part.0+0xe2/0x248
lock_acquire+0xac/0x1c8
process_one_work+0x2bc/0x730
worker_thread+0x62/0x420
kthread+0x138/0x150
__ret_from_fork+0x3c/0x58
ret_from_fork+0xa/0x40
-> #0 ((wq_completion)smc_tx_wq-00000000#2){+.+.}-{0:0}:
check_prev_add+0xd8/0xe88
validate_chain+0x70c/0xb20
__lock_acquire+0x58e/0xbd8
lock_acquire.part.0+0xe2/0x248
lock_acquire+0xac/0x1c8
__flush_workqueue+0xaa/0x4f0
drain_workqueue+0xaa/0x158
destroy_workqueue+0x44/0x2d8
smc_lgr_free+0x9e/0xf8 [smc]
process_one_work+0x30c/0x730
worker_thread+0x62/0x420
kthread+0x138/0x150
__ret_from_fork+0x3c/0x58
ret_from_fork+0xa/0x40
other info that might help us debug this:
Chain exists of:
(wq_completion)smc_tx_wq-00000000#2
--> smc_client_lgr_pending
--> (work_completion)(&(&lgr->free_work)->work)
Possible unsafe locking scenario:
CPU0 CPU1
---- ----
lock((work_completion)(&(&lgr->free_work)->work));
lock(smc_client_lgr_pending);
lock((work_completion)
(&(&lgr->free_work)->work));
lock((wq_completion)smc_tx_wq-00000000#2);
*** DEADLOCK ***
2 locks held by kworker/3:0/176251:
#0: 0000000080183548
((wq_completion)events){+.+.}-{0:0},
at: process_one_work+0x232/0x730
#1: 0000037fffe97dc8
((work_completion)
(&(&lgr->free_work)->work)){+.+.}-{0:0},
at: process_one_work+0x232/0x730
stack backtr
---truncated---
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
watchdog: Fix kmemleak in watchdog_cdev_register
kmemleak reports memory leaks in watchdog_dev_register, as follows:
unreferenced object 0xffff888116233000 (size 2048):
comm ""modprobe"", pid 28147, jiffies 4353426116 (age 61.741s)
hex dump (first 32 bytes):
80 fa b9 05 81 88 ff ff 08 30 23 16 81 88 ff ff .........0#.....
08 30 23 16 81 88 ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 .0#.............
backtrace:
[<000000007f001ffd>] __kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x157/0x220
[<000000006a389304>] kmalloc_trace+0x21/0x110
[<000000008d640eea>] watchdog_dev_register+0x4e/0x780 [watchdog]
[<0000000053c9f248>] __watchdog_register_device+0x4f0/0x680 [watchdog]
[<00000000b2979824>] watchdog_register_device+0xd2/0x110 [watchdog]
[<000000001f730178>] 0xffffffffc10880ae
[<000000007a1a8bcc>] do_one_initcall+0xcb/0x4d0
[<00000000b98be325>] do_init_module+0x1ca/0x5f0
[<0000000046d08e7c>] load_module+0x6133/0x70f0
...
unreferenced object 0xffff888105b9fa80 (size 16):
comm ""modprobe"", pid 28147, jiffies 4353426116 (age 61.741s)
hex dump (first 16 bytes):
77 61 74 63 68 64 6f 67 31 00 b9 05 81 88 ff ff watchdog1.......
backtrace:
[<000000007f001ffd>] __kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x157/0x220
[<00000000486ab89b>] __kmalloc_node_track_caller+0x44/0x1b0
[<000000005a39aab0>] kvasprintf+0xb5/0x140
[<0000000024806f85>] kvasprintf_const+0x55/0x180
[<000000009276cb7f>] kobject_set_name_vargs+0x56/0x150
[<00000000a92e820b>] dev_set_name+0xab/0xe0
[<00000000cec812c6>] watchdog_dev_register+0x285/0x780 [watchdog]
[<0000000053c9f248>] __watchdog_register_device+0x4f0/0x680 [watchdog]
[<00000000b2979824>] watchdog_register_device+0xd2/0x110 [watchdog]
[<000000001f730178>] 0xffffffffc10880ae
[<000000007a1a8bcc>] do_one_initcall+0xcb/0x4d0
[<00000000b98be325>] do_init_module+0x1ca/0x5f0
[<0000000046d08e7c>] load_module+0x6133/0x70f0
...
The reason is that put_device is not be called if cdev_device_add fails
and wdd->id != 0.
watchdog_cdev_register
wd_data = kzalloc [1]
err = dev_set_name [2]
..
err = cdev_device_add
if (err) {
if (wdd->id == 0) { // wdd->id != 0
..
}
return err; // [1],[2] would be leaked
To fix it, call put_device in all wdd->id cases.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/tests: helpers: Avoid a driver uaf
when using __drm_kunit_helper_alloc_drm_device() the driver may be
dereferenced by device-managed resources up until the device is
freed, which is typically later than the kunit-managed resource code
frees it. Fix this by simply make the driver device-managed as well.
In short, the sequence leading to the UAF is as follows:
INIT:
Code allocates a struct device as a kunit-managed resource.
Code allocates a drm driver as a kunit-managed resource.
Code allocates a drm device as a device-managed resource.
EXIT:
Kunit resource cleanup frees the drm driver
Kunit resource cleanup puts the struct device, which starts a
device-managed resource cleanup
device-managed cleanup calls drm_dev_put()
drm_dev_put() dereferences the (now freed) drm driver -> Boom.
Related KASAN message:
[55272.551542] ==================================================================
[55272.551551] BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in drm_dev_put.part.0+0xd4/0xe0 [drm]
[55272.551603] Read of size 8 at addr ffff888127502828 by task kunit_try_catch/10353
[55272.551612] CPU: 4 PID: 10353 Comm: kunit_try_catch Tainted: G U N 6.5.0-rc7+ #155
[55272.551620] Hardware name: ASUS System Product Name/PRIME B560M-A AC, BIOS 0403 01/26/2021
[55272.551626] Call Trace:
[55272.551629] <TASK>
[55272.551633] dump_stack_lvl+0x57/0x90
[55272.551639] print_report+0xcf/0x630
[55272.551645] ? _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x5f/0x70
[55272.551652] ? drm_dev_put.part.0+0xd4/0xe0 [drm]
[55272.551694] kasan_report+0xd7/0x110
[55272.551699] ? drm_dev_put.part.0+0xd4/0xe0 [drm]
[55272.551742] drm_dev_put.part.0+0xd4/0xe0 [drm]
[55272.551783] devres_release_all+0x15d/0x1f0
[55272.551790] ? __pfx_devres_release_all+0x10/0x10
[55272.551797] device_unbind_cleanup+0x16/0x1a0
[55272.551802] device_release_driver_internal+0x3e5/0x540
[55272.551808] ? kobject_put+0x5d/0x4b0
[55272.551814] bus_remove_device+0x1f1/0x3f0
[55272.551819] device_del+0x342/0x910
[55272.551826] ? __pfx_device_del+0x10/0x10
[55272.551830] ? lock_release+0x339/0x5e0
[55272.551836] ? kunit_remove_resource+0x128/0x290 [kunit]
[55272.551845] ? __pfx_lock_release+0x10/0x10
[55272.551851] platform_device_del.part.0+0x1f/0x1e0
[55272.551856] ? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x30/0x60
[55272.551863] kunit_remove_resource+0x195/0x290 [kunit]
[55272.551871] ? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x30/0x60
[55272.551877] kunit_cleanup+0x78/0x120 [kunit]
[55272.551885] ? __kthread_parkme+0xc1/0x1f0
[55272.551891] ? __pfx_kunit_try_run_case_cleanup+0x10/0x10 [kunit]
[55272.551900] ? __pfx_kunit_generic_run_threadfn_adapter+0x10/0x10 [kunit]
[55272.551909] kunit_generic_run_threadfn_adapter+0x4a/0x90 [kunit]
[55272.551919] kthread+0x2e7/0x3c0
[55272.551924] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
[55272.551929] ret_from_fork+0x2d/0x70
[55272.551935] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
[55272.551940] ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30
[55272.551948] </TASK>
[55272.551953] Allocated by task 10351:
[55272.551956] kasan_save_stack+0x1c/0x40
[55272.551962] kasan_set_track+0x21/0x30
[55272.551966] __kasan_kmalloc+0x8b/0x90
[55272.551970] __kmalloc+0x5e/0x160
[55272.551976] kunit_kmalloc_array+0x1c/0x50 [kunit]
[55272.551984] drm_exec_test_init+0xfa/0x2c0 [drm_exec_test]
[55272.551991] kunit_try_run_case+0xdd/0x250 [kunit]
[55272.551999] kunit_generic_run_threadfn_adapter+0x4a/0x90 [kunit]
[55272.552008] kthread+0x2e7/0x3c0
[55272.552012] ret_from_fork+0x2d/0x70
[55272.552017] ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30
[55272.552024] Freed by task 10353:
[55272.552027] kasan_save_stack+0x1c/0x40
[55272.552032] kasan_set_track+0x21/0x30
[55272.552036] kasan_save_free_info+0x27/0x40
[55272.552041] __kasan_slab_free+0x106/0x180
[55272.552046] slab_free_freelist_hook+0xb3/0x160
[55272.552051] __kmem_cache_free+0xb2/0x290
[55272.552056] kunit_remove_resource+0x195/0x290 [kunit]
[55272.552064] kunit_cleanup+0x7
---truncated---
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
iommufd: Do not corrupt the pfn list when doing batch carry
If batch->end is 0 then setting npfns[0] before computing the new value of
pfns will fail to adjust the pfn and result in various page accounting
corruptions. It should be ordered after.
This seems to result in various kinds of page meta-data corruption related
failures:
WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 527 at mm/gup.c:75 try_grab_folio+0x503/0x740
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 PID: 527 Comm: repro Not tainted 6.3.0-rc2-eeac8ede1755+ #1
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.16.0-0-gd239552ce722-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
RIP: 0010:try_grab_folio+0x503/0x740
Code: e3 01 48 89 de e8 6d c1 dd ff 48 85 db 0f 84 7c fe ff ff e8 4f bf dd ff 49 8d 47 ff 48 89 45 d0 e9 73 fe ff ff e8 3d bf dd ff <0f> 0b 31 db e9 d0 fc ff ff e8 2f bf dd ff 48 8b 5d c8 31 ff 48 89
RSP: 0018:ffffc90000f37908 EFLAGS: 00010046
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 00000000fffffc02 RCX: ffffffff81504c26
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffff88800d030000 RDI: 0000000000000002
RBP: ffffc90000f37948 R08: 000000000003ca24 R09: 0000000000000008
R10: 000000000003ca00 R11: 0000000000000023 R12: ffffea000035d540
R13: 0000000000000001 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: ffffea000035d540
FS: 00007fecbf659740(0000) GS:ffff88807dd00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 00000000200011c3 CR3: 000000000ef66006 CR4: 0000000000770ee0
PKRU: 55555554
Call Trace:
<TASK>
internal_get_user_pages_fast+0xd32/0x2200
pin_user_pages_fast+0x65/0x90
pfn_reader_user_pin+0x376/0x390
pfn_reader_next+0x14a/0x7b0
pfn_reader_first+0x140/0x1b0
iopt_area_fill_domain+0x74/0x210
iopt_table_add_domain+0x30e/0x6e0
iommufd_device_selftest_attach+0x7f/0x140
iommufd_test+0x10ff/0x16f0
iommufd_fops_ioctl+0x206/0x330
__x64_sys_ioctl+0x10e/0x160
do_syscall_64+0x3b/0x90
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x72/0xdc
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/amdgpu: fix amdgpu_irq_put call trace in gmc_v11_0_hw_fini
The gmc.ecc_irq is enabled by firmware per IFWI setting,
and the host driver is not privileged to enable/disable
the interrupt. So, it is meaningless to use the amdgpu_irq_put
function in gmc_v11_0_hw_fini, which also leads to the call
trace.
[ 102.980303] Call Trace:
[ 102.980303] <TASK>
[ 102.980304] gmc_v11_0_hw_fini+0x54/0x90 [amdgpu]
[ 102.980357] gmc_v11_0_suspend+0xe/0x20 [amdgpu]
[ 102.980409] amdgpu_device_ip_suspend_phase2+0x240/0x460 [amdgpu]
[ 102.980459] amdgpu_device_ip_suspend+0x3d/0x80 [amdgpu]
[ 102.980520] amdgpu_device_pre_asic_reset+0xd9/0x490 [amdgpu]
[ 102.980573] amdgpu_device_gpu_recover.cold+0x548/0xce6 [amdgpu]
[ 102.980687] amdgpu_debugfs_reset_work+0x4c/0x70 [amdgpu]
[ 102.980740] process_one_work+0x21f/0x3f0
[ 102.980741] worker_thread+0x200/0x3e0
[ 102.980742] ? process_one_work+0x3f0/0x3f0
[ 102.980743] kthread+0xfd/0x130
[ 102.980743] ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20
[ 102.980744] ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
phy: hisilicon: Fix an out of bounds check in hisi_inno_phy_probe()
The size of array 'priv->ports[]' is INNO_PHY_PORT_NUM.
In the for loop, 'i' is used as the index for array 'priv->ports[]'
with a check (i > INNO_PHY_PORT_NUM) which indicates that
INNO_PHY_PORT_NUM is allowed value for 'i' in the same loop.
This > comparison needs to be changed to >=, otherwise it potentially leads
to an out of bounds write on the next iteration through the loop
CVSS Score
7.1
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/msm/dsi: Add missing check for alloc_ordered_workqueue
Add check for the return value of alloc_ordered_workqueue as it may return
NULL pointer and cause NULL pointer dereference.
Patchwork: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/517646/
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ext4: Fix function prototype mismatch for ext4_feat_ktype
With clang's kernel control flow integrity (kCFI, CONFIG_CFI_CLANG),
indirect call targets are validated against the expected function
pointer prototype to make sure the call target is valid to help mitigate
ROP attacks. If they are not identical, there is a failure at run time,
which manifests as either a kernel panic or thread getting killed.
ext4_feat_ktype was setting the "release" handler to "kfree", which
doesn't have a matching function prototype. Add a simple wrapper
with the correct prototype.
This was found as a result of Clang's new -Wcast-function-type-strict
flag, which is more sensitive than the simpler -Wcast-function-type,
which only checks for type width mismatches.
Note that this code is only reached when ext4 is a loadable module and
it is being unloaded:
CFI failure at kobject_put+0xbb/0x1b0 (target: kfree+0x0/0x180; expected type: 0x7c4aa698)
...
RIP: 0010:kobject_put+0xbb/0x1b0
...
Call Trace:
<TASK>
ext4_exit_sysfs+0x14/0x60 [ext4]
cleanup_module+0x67/0xedb [ext4]
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
spi: imx: Don't skip cleanup in remove's error path
Returning early in a platform driver's remove callback is wrong. In this
case the dma resources are not released in the error path. this is never
retried later and so this is a permanent leak. To fix this, only skip
hardware disabling if waking the device fails.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: mwifiex: Fix OOB and integer underflow when rx packets
Make sure mwifiex_process_mgmt_packet,
mwifiex_process_sta_rx_packet and mwifiex_process_uap_rx_packet,
mwifiex_uap_queue_bridged_pkt and mwifiex_process_rx_packet
not out-of-bounds access the skb->data buffer.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-15