Security Vulnerabilities - CVEs Published In February 2025
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
brcmfmac: pcie: Release firmwares in the brcmf_pcie_setup error path
This avoids leaking memory if brcmf_chip_get_raminfo fails. Note that
the CLM blob is released in the device remove path.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-02-26
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
exec: Force single empty string when argv is empty
Quoting[1] Ariadne Conill:
"In several other operating systems, it is a hard requirement that the
second argument to execve(2) be the name of a program, thus prohibiting
a scenario where argc < 1. POSIX 2017 also recommends this behaviour,
but it is not an explicit requirement[2]:
The argument arg0 should point to a filename string that is
associated with the process being started by one of the exec
functions.
...
Interestingly, Michael Kerrisk opened an issue about this in 2008[3],
but there was no consensus to support fixing this issue then.
Hopefully now that CVE-2021-4034 shows practical exploitative use[4]
of this bug in a shellcode, we can reconsider.
This issue is being tracked in the KSPP issue tracker[5]."
While the initial code searches[6][7] turned up what appeared to be
mostly corner case tests, trying to that just reject argv == NULL
(or an immediately terminated pointer list) quickly started tripping[8]
existing userspace programs.
The next best approach is forcing a single empty string into argv and
adjusting argc to match. The number of programs depending on argc == 0
seems a smaller set than those calling execve with a NULL argv.
Account for the additional stack space in bprm_stack_limits(). Inject an
empty string when argc == 0 (and set argc = 1). Warn about the case so
userspace has some notice about the change:
process './argc0' launched './argc0' with NULL argv: empty string added
Additionally WARN() and reject NULL argv usage for kernel threads.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220127000724.15106-1-ariadne@dereferenced.org/
[2] https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/exec.html
[3] https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=8408
[4] https://www.qualys.com/2022/01/25/cve-2021-4034/pwnkit.txt
[5] https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/176
[6] https://codesearch.debian.net/search?q=execve%5C+*%5C%28%5B%5E%2C%5D%2B%2C+*NULL&literal=0
[7] https://codesearch.debian.net/search?q=execlp%3F%5Cs*%5C%28%5B%5E%2C%5D%2B%2C%5Cs*NULL&literal=0
[8] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220131144352.GE16385@xsang-OptiPlex-9020/
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-02-26
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
PM: domains: Fix sleep-in-atomic bug caused by genpd_debug_remove()
When a genpd with GENPD_FLAG_IRQ_SAFE gets removed, the following
sleep-in-atomic bug will be seen, as genpd_debug_remove() will be called
with a spinlock being held.
[ 0.029183] BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/locking/rwsem.c:1460
[ 0.029204] in_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 128, non_block: 0, pid: 1, name: swapper/0
[ 0.029219] preempt_count: 1, expected: 0
[ 0.029230] CPU: 1 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 5.17.0-rc4+ #489
[ 0.029245] Hardware name: Thundercomm TurboX CM2290 (DT)
[ 0.029256] Call trace:
[ 0.029265] dump_backtrace.part.0+0xbc/0xd0
[ 0.029285] show_stack+0x3c/0xa0
[ 0.029298] dump_stack_lvl+0x7c/0xa0
[ 0.029311] dump_stack+0x18/0x34
[ 0.029323] __might_resched+0x10c/0x13c
[ 0.029338] __might_sleep+0x4c/0x80
[ 0.029351] down_read+0x24/0xd0
[ 0.029363] lookup_one_len_unlocked+0x9c/0xcc
[ 0.029379] lookup_positive_unlocked+0x10/0x50
[ 0.029392] debugfs_lookup+0x68/0xac
[ 0.029406] genpd_remove.part.0+0x12c/0x1b4
[ 0.029419] of_genpd_remove_last+0xa8/0xd4
[ 0.029434] psci_cpuidle_domain_probe+0x174/0x53c
[ 0.029449] platform_probe+0x68/0xe0
[ 0.029462] really_probe+0x190/0x430
[ 0.029473] __driver_probe_device+0x90/0x18c
[ 0.029485] driver_probe_device+0x40/0xe0
[ 0.029497] __driver_attach+0xf4/0x1d0
[ 0.029508] bus_for_each_dev+0x70/0xd0
[ 0.029523] driver_attach+0x24/0x30
[ 0.029534] bus_add_driver+0x164/0x22c
[ 0.029545] driver_register+0x78/0x130
[ 0.029556] __platform_driver_register+0x28/0x34
[ 0.029569] psci_idle_init_domains+0x1c/0x28
[ 0.029583] do_one_initcall+0x50/0x1b0
[ 0.029595] kernel_init_freeable+0x214/0x280
[ 0.029609] kernel_init+0x2c/0x13c
[ 0.029622] ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20
It doesn't seem necessary to call genpd_debug_remove() with the lock, so
move it out from locking to fix the problem.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-02-26
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
block: fix rq-qos breakage from skipping rq_qos_done_bio()
a647a524a467 ("block: don't call rq_qos_ops->done_bio if the bio isn't
tracked") made bio_endio() skip rq_qos_done_bio() if BIO_TRACKED is not set.
While this fixed a potential oops, it also broke blk-iocost by skipping the
done_bio callback for merged bios.
Before, whether a bio goes through rq_qos_throttle() or rq_qos_merge(),
rq_qos_done_bio() would be called on the bio on completion with BIO_TRACKED
distinguishing the former from the latter. rq_qos_done_bio() is not called
for bios which wenth through rq_qos_merge(). This royally confuses
blk-iocost as the merged bios never finish and are considered perpetually
in-flight.
One reliably reproducible failure mode is an intermediate cgroup geting
stuck active preventing its children from being activated due to the
leaf-only rule, leading to loss of control. The following is from
resctl-bench protection scenario which emulates isolating a web server like
workload from a memory bomb run on an iocost configuration which should
yield a reasonable level of protection.
# cat /sys/block/nvme2n1/device/model
Samsung SSD 970 PRO 512GB
# cat /sys/fs/cgroup/io.cost.model
259:0 ctrl=user model=linear rbps=834913556 rseqiops=93622 rrandiops=102913 wbps=618985353 wseqiops=72325 wrandiops=71025
# cat /sys/fs/cgroup/io.cost.qos
259:0 enable=1 ctrl=user rpct=95.00 rlat=18776 wpct=95.00 wlat=8897 min=60.00 max=100.00
# resctl-bench -m 29.6G -r out.json run protection::scenario=mem-hog,loops=1
...
Memory Hog Summary
==================
IO Latency: R p50=242u:336u/2.5m p90=794u:1.4m/7.5m p99=2.7m:8.0m/62.5m max=8.0m:36.4m/350m
W p50=221u:323u/1.5m p90=709u:1.2m/5.5m p99=1.5m:2.5m/9.5m max=6.9m:35.9m/350m
Isolation and Request Latency Impact Distributions:
min p01 p05 p10 p25 p50 p75 p90 p95 p99 max mean stdev
isol% 15.90 15.90 15.90 40.05 57.24 59.07 60.01 74.63 74.63 90.35 90.35 58.12 15.82
lat-imp% 0 0 0 0 0 4.55 14.68 15.54 233.5 548.1 548.1 53.88 143.6
Result: isol=58.12:15.82% lat_imp=53.88%:143.6 work_csv=100.0% missing=3.96%
The isolation result of 58.12% is close to what this device would show
without any IO control.
Fix it by introducing a new flag BIO_QOS_MERGED to mark merged bios and
calling rq_qos_done_bio() on them too. For consistency and clarity, rename
BIO_TRACKED to BIO_QOS_THROTTLED. The flag checks are moved into
rq_qos_done_bio() so that it's next to the code paths that set the flags.
With the patch applied, the above same benchmark shows:
# resctl-bench -m 29.6G -r out.json run protection::scenario=mem-hog,loops=1
...
Memory Hog Summary
==================
IO Latency: R p50=123u:84.4u/985u p90=322u:256u/2.5m p99=1.6m:1.4m/9.5m max=11.1m:36.0m/350m
W p50=429u:274u/995u p90=1.7m:1.3m/4.5m p99=3.4m:2.7m/11.5m max=7.9m:5.9m/26.5m
Isolation and Request Latency Impact Distributions:
min p01 p05 p10 p25 p50 p75 p90 p95 p99 max mean stdev
isol% 84.91 84.91 89.51 90.73 92.31 94.49 96.36 98.04 98.71 100.0 100.0 94.42 2.81
lat-imp% 0 0 0 0 0 2.81 5.73 11.11 13.92 17.53 22.61 4.10 4.68
Result: isol=94.42:2.81% lat_imp=4.10%:4.68 work_csv=58.34% missing=0%
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-02-26
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
mmc: core: use sysfs_emit() instead of sprintf()
sprintf() (still used in the MMC core for the sysfs output) is vulnerable
to the buffer overflow. Use the new-fangled sysfs_emit() instead.
Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with the SVACE static
analysis tool.
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-02-26
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ASoC: SOF: Intel: Fix NULL ptr dereference when ENOMEM
Do not call snd_dma_free_pages() when snd_dma_alloc_pages() returns
-ENOMEM because it leads to a NULL pointer dereference bug.
The dmesg says:
[ T1387] sof-audio-pci-intel-tgl 0000:00:1f.3: error: memory alloc failed: -12
[ T1387] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000
[ T1387] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
[ T1387] #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
[ T1387] PGD 0 P4D 0
[ T1387] Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP NOPTI
[ T1387] CPU: 6 PID: 1387 Comm: alsa-sink-HDA A Tainted: G W 5.17.0-rc4-superb-owl-00055-g80d47f5de5e3
[ T1387] Hardware name: HP HP Laptop 14s-dq2xxx/87FD, BIOS F.15 09/15/2021
[ T1387] RIP: 0010:dma_free_noncontiguous+0x37/0x80
[ T1387] Code: [... snip ...]
[ T1387] RSP: 0000:ffffc90002b87770 EFLAGS: 00010246
[ T1387] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000000
[ T1387] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff888101db30d0
[ T1387] RBP: 00000000fffffff4 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
[ T1387] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: ffffc90002b874d0 R12: 0000000000000001
[ T1387] R13: 0000000000058000 R14: ffff888105260c68 R15: ffff888105260828
[ T1387] FS: 00007f42e2ffd640(0000) GS:ffff888466b80000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ T1387] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[ T1387] CR2: 0000000000000000 CR3: 000000014acf0003 CR4: 0000000000770ee0
[ T1387] PKRU: 55555554
[ T1387] Call Trace:
[ T1387] <TASK>
[ T1387] cl_stream_prepare+0x10a/0x120 [snd_sof_intel_hda_common 146addf995b9279ae7f509621078cccbe4f875e1]
[... snip ...]
[ T1387] </TASK>
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-02-26
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
can: isotp: sanitize CAN ID checks in isotp_bind()
Syzbot created an environment that lead to a state machine status that
can not be reached with a compliant CAN ID address configuration.
The provided address information consisted of CAN ID 0x6000001 and 0xC28001
which both boil down to 11 bit CAN IDs 0x001 in sending and receiving.
Sanitize the SFF/EFF CAN ID values before performing the address checks.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-02-26
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
dm: fix use-after-free in dm_cleanup_zoned_dev()
dm_cleanup_zoned_dev() uses queue, so it must be called
before blk_cleanup_disk() starts its killing:
blk_cleanup_disk->blk_cleanup_queue()->kobject_put()->blk_release_queue()->
->...RCU...->blk_free_queue_rcu()->kmem_cache_free()
Otherwise, RCU callback may be executed first and
dm_cleanup_zoned_dev() will touch free'd memory:
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in dm_cleanup_zoned_dev+0x33/0xd0
Read of size 8 at addr ffff88805ac6e430 by task dmsetup/681
CPU: 4 PID: 681 Comm: dmsetup Not tainted 5.17.0-rc2+ #6
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.14.0-2 04/01/2014
Call Trace:
<TASK>
dump_stack_lvl+0x57/0x7d
print_address_description.constprop.0+0x1f/0x150
? dm_cleanup_zoned_dev+0x33/0xd0
kasan_report.cold+0x7f/0x11b
? dm_cleanup_zoned_dev+0x33/0xd0
dm_cleanup_zoned_dev+0x33/0xd0
__dm_destroy+0x26a/0x400
? dm_blk_ioctl+0x230/0x230
? up_write+0xd8/0x270
dev_remove+0x156/0x1d0
ctl_ioctl+0x269/0x530
? table_clear+0x140/0x140
? lock_release+0xb2/0x750
? remove_all+0x40/0x40
? rcu_read_lock_sched_held+0x12/0x70
? lock_downgrade+0x3c0/0x3c0
? rcu_read_lock_sched_held+0x12/0x70
dm_ctl_ioctl+0xa/0x10
__x64_sys_ioctl+0xb9/0xf0
do_syscall_64+0x3b/0x90
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae
RIP: 0033:0x7fb6dfa95c27
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-02-26
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ASoC: codecs: va-macro: fix accessing array out of bounds for enum type
Accessing enums using integer would result in array out of bounds access
on platforms like aarch64 where sizeof(long) is 8 compared to enum size
which is 4 bytes.
CVSS Score
7.1
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-02-26
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ASoC: codecs: rx-macro: fix accessing array out of bounds for enum type
Accessing enums using integer would result in array out of bounds access
on platforms like aarch64 where sizeof(long) is 8 compared to enum size
which is 4 bytes.
CVSS Score
7.1
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-02-26