Vulnerability Details CVE-2026-40342
Firebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, the external engine plugin loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without filtering path separators or .. components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal. The library's initialization code executes immediately during loading, before Firebird validates the module, achieving code execution as the server's OS account. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14.
Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score
EPSS Score 0.001
EPSS Ranking 24.5%
CVSS Severity
CVSS v3 Score 9.9
References
Products affected by CVE-2026-40342
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:-
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:1.0
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:1.0.2
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:1.0.3
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:1.5
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:1.5.0.4306
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:1.5.1
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:1.5.2
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:1.5.2.4731
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:1.5.3.4870
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:1.5.4.4910
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:1.5.5
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:1.5.6
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.0.0
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.0.0.12748
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.0.1
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.0.1.12855
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.0.2
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.0.3
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.0.4
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.0.5
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.0.6
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.0.7
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.1
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.1.0
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.1.1
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.1.2
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.1.3
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.1.4
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.1.5
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.1.6
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.1.7
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.1_beta
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.5
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.5.0
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.5.1
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.5.2
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.5.3
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.5.4
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.5.5
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.5.6
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.5.7
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.5.8
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:2.5.9
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:3.0
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:3.0.0
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:3.0.1
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:3.0.10
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:3.0.11
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:3.0.12
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:3.0.13
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:3.0.2
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:3.0.3
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:3.0.4
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:3.0.5
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:3.0.6
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:3.0.7
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:3.0.8
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:3.0.9
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:4.0.0
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:4.0.1
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:4.0.2
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:4.0.3
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:4.0.4
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:4.0.5
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:4.0.6
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:5.0.0
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:5.0.1
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:5.0.2
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cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:5.0.3