Vulnerability Details CVE-2025-37999
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
fs/erofs/fileio: call erofs_onlinefolio_split() after bio_add_folio()
If bio_add_folio() fails (because it is full),
erofs_fileio_scan_folio() needs to submit the I/O request via
erofs_fileio_rq_submit() and allocate a new I/O request with an empty
`struct bio`. Then it retries the bio_add_folio() call.
However, at this point, erofs_onlinefolio_split() has already been
called which increments `folio->private`; the retry will call
erofs_onlinefolio_split() again, but there will never be a matching
erofs_onlinefolio_end() call. This leaves the folio locked forever
and all waiters will be stuck in folio_wait_bit_common().
This bug has been added by commit ce63cb62d794 ("erofs: support
unencoded inodes for fileio"), but was practically unreachable because
there was room for 256 folios in the `struct bio` - until commit
9f74ae8c9ac9 ("erofs: shorten bvecs[] for file-backed mounts") which
reduced the array capacity to 16 folios.
It was now trivial to trigger the bug by manually invoking readahead
from userspace, e.g.:
posix_fadvise(fd, 0, st.st_size, POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED);
This should be fixed by invoking erofs_onlinefolio_split() only after
bio_add_folio() has succeeded. This is safe: asynchronous completions
invoking erofs_onlinefolio_end() will not unlock the folio because
erofs_fileio_scan_folio() is still holding a reference to be released
by erofs_onlinefolio_end() at the end.
Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score
EPSS Score 0.0
EPSS Ranking 1.7%
CVSS Severity
CVSS v3 Score 5.5
Products affected by CVE-2025-37999
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.1
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.10
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.11
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.12
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.13
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.14
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.15
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.16
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.17
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.18
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.19
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.2
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.20
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.21
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.22
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.23
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.24
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.25
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.26
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.27
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.28
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.3
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.4
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.5
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.6
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.7
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.8
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12.9
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.1
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.10
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.11
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.12
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.2
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.3
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.4
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.5
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.6
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.7
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.8
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.9
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14.1
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14.2
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14.3
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14.4
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14.5
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14.6
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cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15